Safety Protocols & Risk Management Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Safety Protocols & Risk Management flashcards as text
When using a pulse oximeter, which hemoglobin species causes falsely HIGH SpO2 readings in cases of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Answer: Carboxyhemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) absorbs light similarly to oxyhemoglobin at 660 nm, causing pulse oximetry to overestimate true SaO2.
A 45-year-old patient receives 3 g of bupivacaine IV in error. Which treatment is most specific to reverse cardiac toxicity?
Answer: Intralipid 20% 1.5 mL/kg IV bolus
Intralipid (lipid emulsion therapy) is the specific antidote for local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) cardiac arrest.
Correct sequencing of the five steps in a pre-use anesthesia machine checkout (per FDA 1993) begins with:
Answer: Verification of backup ventilation equipment
The FDA checkout recommends verifying that backup ventilation (e.g., self-inflating bag) is available and functional as the first step.
Which monitoring modality is most appropriate to guide goal-directed fluid therapy and detect occult hypovolemia intraoperatively?
Answer: Pulse pressure variation (PPV)
PPV >13% in mechanically ventilated patients with sinus rhythm reliably predicts fluid responsiveness for goal-directed therapy.
Under which condition is cricoid pressure (Sellick maneuver) CONTRAINDICATED?
Answer: Patients with known cervical spine instability
Cricoid pressure is contraindicated in patients with cervical spine instability because it can displace the spine and worsen neurological injury.
The Joint Commission's National Patient Safety Goal regarding medication labeling requires that all medications in the sterile field be labeled:
Answer: Immediately upon being drawn up, even if the syringe will be used right away
NPSG 03.04.01 requires that all medications and solutions on and off the sterile field be labeled immediately when prepared.
Which action BEST mitigates the risk of awareness under general anesthesia during rapid sequence induction?
Answer: Ensure adequate induction agent dose BEFORE applying cricoid pressure
Administering a full induction dose of the hypnotic before intubation ensures unconsciousness is established prior to laryngoscopy.