Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Flashcards

Which immunization is recommended annually for all adults regardless of age or health status?

Answer: Influenza vaccine

The CDC recommends annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months and older, including every adult regardless of age.

According to the USPSTF, at what age should average-risk adults begin colorectal cancer screening?

Answer: 45 years

The USPSTF updated its recommendation in 2021 to begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45 for average-risk adults.

A nurse practitioner is counseling a patient on cardiovascular disease prevention. Which single lifestyle modification has the greatest evidence for reducing overall cardiovascular risk?

Answer: Smoking cessation

Smoking cessation is the single most impactful modifiable lifestyle change for reducing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.

In the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change, which stage describes a patient who has no intention of changing their behavior in the next 6 months?

Answer: Precontemplation

Precontemplation is the stage in which the individual is not considering change and may be unaware that a problem exists.

Current USPSTF guidelines recommend cervical cancer screening beginning at age 21 using which method?

Answer: Pap smear every 3 years

For women aged 21–29, the USPSTF recommends Pap smear (cytology) alone every 3 years; HPV testing is not recommended in this age group.

According to standard classification, at which BMI threshold is a patient considered obese (Class I)?

Answer: 30.0–34.9 kg/m²

A BMI of 30.0–34.9 kg/m² defines Class I obesity according to CDC and WHO classification.

Which vitamin supplementation is recommended for all women of childbearing potential to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?

Answer: Folic acid 400–800 mcg daily

The USPSTF recommends daily folic acid 400–800 mcg for all women planning or capable of pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects.