Pharmacology Flashcards
6 cards from real AANP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Pharmacology flashcards as text
Which drug class is first-line for treating hypertension in patients with diabetes and microalbuminuria?
Answer: ACE inhibitors
ACE inhibitors provide renoprotective effects in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, making them the preferred antihypertensive class.
A patient taking warfarin begins a course of fluconazole. What is the expected interaction?
Answer: Increased INR due to CYP2C9 inhibition
Fluconazole inhibits CYP2C9, the primary enzyme that metabolizes warfarin, leading to elevated warfarin levels and increased INR.
Which antibiotic class is contraindicated in children under 8 years due to tooth discoloration and bone growth inhibition?
Answer: Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines bind calcium and deposit in developing teeth and bones, causing permanent discoloration and potential growth retardation in children under 8.
What is the mechanism of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Inhibits hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity
Metformin primarily works by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and improving peripheral insulin sensitivity without causing hypoglycemia.
A patient on lithium develops nausea, tremor, and polyuria. Which action is most appropriate?
Answer: Increase sodium intake and check lithium level
Lithium toxicity can be precipitated by sodium depletion; increasing sodium intake helps renal lithium excretion, and checking the serum level guides further management.
Which medication requires monitoring of thyroid function tests due to risk of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism?
Answer: Amiodarone
Amiodarone contains a large amount of iodine and can cause both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, requiring regular thyroid function monitoring.