Pharmacology Flashcards
6 cards from real AANP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Pharmacology flashcards as text
Which opioid analgesic has active metabolites that can accumulate in renal failure, causing CNS toxicity?
Answer: Morphine
Morphine-6-glucuronide, an active metabolite of morphine, accumulates in renal failure and can cause prolonged sedation and respiratory depression.
A nurse practitioner prescribes trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to a patient on methotrexate. What serious risk exists?
Answer: Bone marrow suppression and pancytopenia
TMP-SMX inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and can potentiate methotrexate toxicity, leading to severe bone marrow suppression and pancytopenia.
What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?
Answer: N-acetylcysteine
N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores in the liver, neutralizing the toxic metabolite NAPQI that causes hepatotoxicity in acetaminophen overdose.
Which SSRI has the longest half-life and is least likely to cause discontinuation syndrome?
Answer: Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine has a half-life of 2–6 days (with active metabolite norfluoxetine at 4–16 days), which effectively tapers itself and minimizes discontinuation symptoms.
A patient prescribed a fluoroquinolone antibiotic reports new-onset tendon pain. What should the NP do?
Answer: Discontinue the fluoroquinolone and switch to an alternative antibiotic
Fluoroquinolones carry a black box warning for tendinopathy and tendon rupture; the drug should be discontinued immediately and an alternative antibiotic selected.
Which medication is most appropriate for smoking cessation in a patient with a history of seizures?
Answer: Varenicline
Bupropion lowers the seizure threshold and is contraindicated in patients with seizure disorders; varenicline does not have this risk and is preferred.