3D Modeling Fundamentals Flashcards

What is 'retopology' in 3D product design workflows?

Answer: The process of rebuilding a high-poly mesh with clean, optimized low-poly geometry

Retopology involves tracing over a high-resolution sculpt or scan to create a clean, production-ready mesh with efficient, well-organized polygons.

In 3D modeling software, what is a 'reference image' or 'image plane' used for?

Answer: A background image placed in the viewport to guide accurate modeling

Reference image planes are placed in orthographic viewports (front, side, top) to give modelers accurate proportional guides when building a product model.

What is the difference between parametric and polygonal modeling?

Answer: Parametric modeling uses editable parameters for precise dimensions; polygonal modeling directly manipulates vertices and faces

Parametric modeling (common in CAD) lets you change dimensions via parameters while maintaining design intent; polygonal modeling directly edits geometric elements.

What does 'watertight' mean when describing a 3D model intended for 3D printing?

Answer: The mesh has no holes or open edges — it fully encloses a volume

A watertight mesh has no gaps, open edges, or holes, meaning it forms a completely closed, manifold solid — required for 3D printing and manufacturing.

What is 'ambient occlusion' and why is it important in 3D product visualization?

Answer: A shading technique that darkens areas where light is blocked by nearby geometry, adding depth and realism

Ambient occlusion simulates soft shadows in crevices and corners, greatly enhancing the perceived realism and depth of 3D product renders.

In 3D product design, what is a 'chamfer' used for?

Answer: To create an angled cut or bevel at the edge of a model to soften sharp corners

A chamfer creates a flat, angled transition at an edge, replacing a sharp 90-degree corner with a beveled face — used widely in industrial product design.