Matric Life Sciences — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Mitochondrion (Correct answer)
- Golgi body
Correct answer: Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion produces ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for the cell.
Question 2: What is the process by which green plants make food using sunlight?
- Photosynthesis (Correct answer)
- Respiration
- Transpiration
- Digestion
Correct answer: Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Question 3: DNA carries the genetic code. What are the four bases of DNA?
- A, T, C and U
- A, T, G and C (Correct answer)
- A, U, G and C
- T, U, G and C
Correct answer: A, T, G and C
DNA bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). Uracil replaces thymine only in RNA.
Question 4: In humans, which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
- Veins
- Capillaries
- Arteries (Correct answer)
- Venules
Correct answer: Arteries
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, usually under high pressure. Veins return blood to the heart.
Question 5: Which part of the human eye controls the amount of light entering it?
- Cornea
- Retina
- Iris (Correct answer)
- Lens
Correct answer: Iris
The iris adjusts the size of the pupil to control how much light enters the eye.
Question 6: Natural selection was proposed as a mechanism of evolution by which scientist?
- Gregor Mendel
- Charles Darwin (Correct answer)
- Louis Pasteur
- Robert Hooke
Correct answer: Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism driving evolution in 'On the Origin of Species'.
Question 7: Which gas is taken in by humans during breathing and used in cellular respiration?
- Carbon dioxide
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen (Correct answer)
- Hydrogen
Correct answer: Oxygen
Oxygen is taken in and used to release energy from glucose during aerobic cellular respiration.
Question 8: What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
- The tissue
- The cell (Correct answer)
- The organ
- The molecule
Correct answer: The cell
The cell is the smallest unit that can carry out all the processes of life.
Matric Life Sciences
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?