VTNE Pharmacy and Pharmacology 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which adverse effect is most associated with chronic NSAID use in dogs?
- Respiratory depression
- Gastrointestinal ulceration (Correct answer)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Cardiac arrhythmias
Correct answer: Gastrointestinal ulceration
Chronic NSAID use inhibits COX-1, reducing protective prostaglandins in the GI tract and predisposing patients to ulcers.
Question 2: A veterinarian prescribes enalapril for a dog with congestive heart failure. What drug class does enalapril belong to?
- Beta-blocker
- Calcium channel blocker
- ACE inhibitor (Correct answer)
- Diuretic
Correct answer: ACE inhibitor
Enalapril is an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor used to reduce cardiac workload in heart failure.
Question 3: Which drug is used as the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity in cats?
- Atropine
- N-acetylcysteine (Correct answer)
- Flumazenil
- Naloxone
Correct answer: N-acetylcysteine
N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores, helping to neutralize the toxic metabolite NAPQI formed from acetaminophen.
Question 4: What is the term for the time it takes for a drug's plasma concentration to decrease by 50%?
- Volume of distribution
- Bioavailability
- Half-life (Correct answer)
- Clearance
Correct answer: Half-life
Half-life (t½) is the time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to fall to half its original value.
Question 5: Which drug is commonly used as a preanesthetic to reduce salivation and bradycardia in veterinary patients?
- Acepromazine
- Atropine (Correct answer)
- Diazepam
- Butorphanol
Correct answer: Atropine
Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors, reducing secretions and preventing vagally-induced bradycardia.
Question 6: A rabbit is to receive enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg SID. The rabbit weighs 2.2 kg. The available concentration is 22.7 mg/mL. How many mL per dose?
- 0.25 mL
- 0.40 mL
- 0.48 mL (Correct answer)
- 0.50 mL
Correct answer: 0.48 mL
2.2 kg × 5 mg/kg = 11 mg; 11 mg ÷ 22.7 mg/mL ≈ 0.48 mL.
Question 7: Which of the following drugs is classified as a phenothiazine tranquilizer used in veterinary medicine?
- Xylazine
- Acepromazine (Correct answer)
- Medetomidine
- Ketamine
Correct answer: Acepromazine
Acepromazine is a phenothiazine derivative used as a sedative and preanesthetic tranquilizer in veterinary patients.
VTNE Pharmacy and Pharmacology 3
Which adverse effect is most associated with chronic NSAID use in dogs?