Vocabulary Practice Test for the HESI® exam — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following is the closest definition of the word distended?
- Enlarged (Correct answer)
- Removed
- Shrunken
- Distracted
Correct answer: Enlarged
The word 'distended' means swollen or stretched out of its normal shape, typically due to internal pressure. In a medical context, it often refers to an abdomen that is enlarged or bloated. Therefore, 'enlarged' is the closest and most accurate definition.
Question 2: Which of the following is the closest definition of the word contrite?
- Lonely
- Excited
- Sad
- Remorseful (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Remorseful
The word 'contrite' describes feeling or expressing deep regret or penitence for wrongdoing. It implies a sense of sorrow and guilt for one's actions. Therefore, 'remorseful' is the most fitting synonym, conveying a similar feeling of regret and sorrow for past actions.
Question 3: Which of the following is the closest definition of the word succinct?
- Sweet
- Short (Correct answer)
- Old
- Angry
Correct answer: Short
The word 'succinct' means expressed clearly and precisely in few words; concise. It emphasizes brevity and clarity in communication, getting straight to the point without unnecessary detail. Therefore, 'short' is the most direct and accurate definition, implying conciseness.
Question 4: Which of the following is the closest definition to the word postulate?
- Disagree
- Move
- Gather
- Claim (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Claim
To 'postulate' means to suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of something as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief. It is essentially to put forward a theory or claim, often without definitive proof. Therefore, 'claim' is the closest definition, as it involves asserting something as true or factual.
Question 5: Which of the following is the best definition of the word taciturn?
- Attentive
- Alert
- Reserved (Correct answer)
- Uncooperative
Correct answer: Reserved
The word 'taciturn' describes a person who is reserved or uncommunicative in speech, saying little. Such individuals tend to be quiet and prefer not to talk much in social situations. Therefore, 'reserved' accurately captures this characteristic of being withdrawn and not openly expressive.
Question 6: Which of the following is the best definition of the word chide?
- Pick
- Scold (Correct answer)
- Whisper
- Yell
Correct answer: Scold
To 'chide' means to express disapproval of or to scold someone gently. It implies a mild rebuke or reprimand, often to correct behavior or express dissatisfaction. Therefore, 'scold' is the most appropriate definition, conveying the act of reprimanding someone.
Question 7: Which of the following is the best definition of the word consternation?
- Laughable
- Anxiety (Correct answer)
- Strict
- Anger
Correct answer: Anxiety
The word 'consternation' refers to a feeling of anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexpected. It describes a sense of alarm or dread that can arise from a sudden, unsettling event or situation. Therefore, 'anxiety' is the best definition, reflecting a state of unease or worry.
Question 8: Which of the following is the best definition of the word languid?
- Sluggish (Correct answer)
- Warm
- Depressed
- Talkative
Correct answer: Sluggish
The word 'languid' describes a person or manner that is slow and relaxed, or lacking in vigor or energy. It suggests a state of weariness, listlessness, or a general lack of enthusiasm. Therefore, 'sluggish' is the best definition, as it implies a lack of energy and slow movement.
Question 9: Which of the following is the best definition of the word illustrious?
- eminent (Correct answer)
- tarnished
- shiny
- vain
Correct answer: eminent
The word 'illustrious' means well known, respected, and admired for past achievements. It describes someone or something famous and distinguished, often due to their accomplishments or reputation. Therefore, 'eminent' is the closest synonym, as it also refers to someone prominent and highly regarded.
Question 10: Which of the following is the best definition of the word incongruent?
- Discouraged
- Sinister
- Discontented
- Incompatible (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Incompatible
The word 'incongruent' means not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something. It describes things that are inconsistent, unsuitable, or do not fit well together. Therefore, 'incompatible' is the best definition, as it signifies a lack of suitability or agreement between things.
Question 11: What is the best definition of the word superfluous?
- Shallow
- Shameful
- Unnecessary (Correct answer)
- Extraordinary
Correct answer: Unnecessary
The word 'superfluous' means being more than is sufficient or required; excessive. It describes something that is not needed, is redundant, or serves no useful purpose. Therefore, 'unnecessary' is the most accurate definition, indicating something that is extra or not essential.
Question 12: What is the best definition of the word obstinate?
- Stubborn (Correct answer)
- Passive
- Careless
- Angry
Correct answer: Stubborn
The word 'obstinate' describes someone who is stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade them. It implies a strong resistance to persuasion or change, often due to a fixed mindset. Therefore, 'stubborn' is the most direct and accurate synonym.
Question 13: What is the closest definition of the word proximal?
- center (Correct answer)
- far
- away
- up
Correct answer: center
In anatomy, 'proximal' refers to a position closer to the center of the body or the point of attachment of a limb. For example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist because it is closer to the body's core. Among the given choices, 'center' best captures the idea of being closer to the main part or origin.
Question 14: What definition is best associated with the word anastomosis?
- Tearing
- Separation
- Removal
- Connection (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Connection
In medicine, an 'anastomosis' refers to a surgical connection made between two hollow or tubular structures, such as blood vessels or loops of intestine. It can also refer to a natural connection between two vessels or parts. Therefore, 'connection' is the most accurate and encompassing definition of this term.
Question 15: What is the closest definition of the word cauterize?
- Cut
- Repair
- Burn (Correct answer)
- Insert
Correct answer: Burn
To 'cauterize' means to burn the skin or flesh of a wound with a heated instrument or caustic substance, typically to stop bleeding or prevent infection. The primary action involved in this medical procedure is burning tissue. Therefore, 'burn' is the most direct and accurate definition.
Question 16: What is the meaning of incision?
- Injection
- Cut (Correct answer)
- Fracture
- Closure
Correct answer: Cut
An 'incision' is a surgical cut made in skin or flesh, typically during an operation or medical procedure. It is a precise opening created by a surgeon's instrument. Therefore, 'cut' is the most direct and accurate definition of an incision.
Vocabulary Practice Test for the HESI® exam
Which of the following is the closest definition of the word distended?