Vision and Ophthalmology Common Eye Diseases and Disorders 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A 'cherry-red spot' on fundoscopy is classic for which condition?
- Central retinal vein occlusion
- Central retinal artery occlusion (Correct answer)
- Diabetic macular edema
- Vitreomacular traction
Correct answer: Central retinal artery occlusion
Central retinal artery occlusion causes diffuse retinal whitening (ischemic edema) that contrasts with the intact choroidal supply at the fovea, creating the classic cherry-red spot.
Question 2: Retinitis pigmentosa classically presents with which early visual symptom?
- Loss of central vision
- Night blindness (nyctalopia) (Correct answer)
- Diplopia
- Photophobia
Correct answer: Night blindness (nyctalopia)
Retinitis pigmentosa first affects rod photoreceptors in the peripheral retina, causing night blindness and progressive peripheral visual field loss.
Question 3: Neovascular glaucoma is most commonly associated with which underlying condition?
- Fuchs endothelial dystrophy
- Central retinal vein occlusion (Correct answer)
- Lattice degeneration
- Anterior uveitis
Correct answer: Central retinal vein occlusion
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is the most common cause of neovascular glaucoma due to retinal ischemia stimulating VEGF-driven rubeosis iridis.
Question 4: Which sign is associated with hyperthyroidism-related Graves' ophthalmopathy?
- Miosis
- Lid lag on downgaze (Correct answer)
- Ptosis
- Papilledema
Correct answer: Lid lag on downgaze
Von Graefe's sign (lid lag on downgaze) occurs in Graves' ophthalmopathy due to sympathetic overstimulation and restrictive myopathy causing proptosis.
Question 5: What is the hallmark finding in keratoconus?
- Increased corneal thickness
- Progressive corneal thinning and ectasia (Correct answer)
- Corneal endothelial loss
- Corneal vascularization
Correct answer: Progressive corneal thinning and ectasia
Keratoconus is characterized by progressive bilateral corneal thinning and ectasia (cone-shaped protrusion), causing irregular astigmatism and decreased vision.
Question 6: Subretinal fluid with shifting fluid on positioning is characteristic of which type of retinal detachment?
- Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
- Tractional retinal detachment
- Exudative (serous) retinal detachment (Correct answer)
- Combined traction-rhegmatogenous detachment
Correct answer: Exudative (serous) retinal detachment
Exudative retinal detachments lack a retinal break; fluid shifts with gravity/position changes, unlike rhegmatogenous detachments where fluid is relatively fixed.
Vision and Ophthalmology Common Eye Diseases and Disorders 2
A 'cherry-red spot' on fundoscopy is classic for which condition?