TMP Technologies & Infrastructure 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which multiplexing technique divides a fiber optic channel into multiple wavelengths to increase capacity?
- Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
- Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) (Correct answer)
- Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
- Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
Correct answer: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
DWDM combines multiple optical carrier signals on a single fiber by using different wavelengths, dramatically increasing bandwidth capacity.
Question 2: In a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architecture, which plane is centralized and manages routing decisions?
- Data plane
- Management plane
- Control plane (Correct answer)
- Forwarding plane
Correct answer: Control plane
In SDN, the control plane is decoupled from hardware and centralized in a controller, which makes all routing and forwarding decisions.
Question 3: What is the primary advantage of using a Metro Ethernet network for enterprise connectivity?
- It provides guaranteed latency under 1 ms
- It extends familiar Ethernet protocols over a wide metro area at high bandwidth (Correct answer)
- It eliminates the need for routing protocols
- It operates exclusively over satellite links
Correct answer: It extends familiar Ethernet protocols over a wide metro area at high bandwidth
Metro Ethernet allows enterprises to connect sites across a city using standard Ethernet interfaces, simplifying operations and offering scalable bandwidth.
Question 4: Which technology standard defines the air interface for 5G New Radio (NR)?
- IEEE 802.11ax
- 3GPP Release 15 (Correct answer)
- ITU-T G.fast
- DOCSIS 3.1
Correct answer: 3GPP Release 15
3GPP Release 15 is the first formal 5G NR standard, defining the radio access network specifications for sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands.
Question 5: A telco plans to deploy Massive MIMO antennas. What is the primary benefit?
- Reduces spectrum licensing costs
- Increases spectral efficiency by serving multiple users simultaneously with beamforming (Correct answer)
- Eliminates co-channel interference entirely
- Extends coverage without increasing power output
Correct answer: Increases spectral efficiency by serving multiple users simultaneously with beamforming
Massive MIMO uses large antenna arrays and beamforming to spatially multiplex many users on the same time-frequency resource, boosting spectral efficiency.
Question 6: What does the term 'network slicing' refer to in a 5G context?
- Physically segmenting fiber cables for redundancy
- Creating multiple virtual networks on a shared physical infrastructure tailored to specific use cases (Correct answer)
- Splitting IP traffic across multiple ISPs
- Dividing spectrum into equal-width channels
Correct answer: Creating multiple virtual networks on a shared physical infrastructure tailored to specific use cases
Network slicing uses virtualization to create isolated logical networks on shared infrastructure, each with customized QoS, security, and bandwidth for different services.
Question 7: Which protocol is used by service providers to distribute MPLS labels along a Label Switched Path (LSP)?
- BGP
- OSPF
- LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) (Correct answer)
- STP
Correct answer: LDP (Label Distribution Protocol)
LDP is the standard protocol used to establish LSPs by distributing label-to-FEC bindings between MPLS-enabled routers.
TMP Technologies & Infrastructure 2
Which multiplexing technique divides a fiber optic channel into multiple wavelengths to increase capacity?