Telecommunications Telecommunications Protocols 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the purpose of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?
- Aggregate multiple links for higher bandwidth
- Prevent switching loops in Ethernet networks (Correct answer)
- Route packets between subnets
- Encrypt Ethernet frames
Correct answer: Prevent switching loops in Ethernet networks
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) prevents Layer 2 loops in redundant switched networks by placing redundant links in a blocking state.
Question 2: What does GRE tunneling allow?
- Encrypt all traffic automatically
- Encapsulate one protocol inside another for transport across incompatible networks (Correct answer)
- Provide DHCP across VLANs
- Compress video traffic over WAN
Correct answer: Encapsulate one protocol inside another for transport across incompatible networks
GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) wraps one network protocol inside another, enabling transport of non-IP protocols or creating VPN tunnels.
Question 3: What is the purpose of SNMP in network management?
- Route packets across AS boundaries
- Monitor and manage network devices remotely (Correct answer)
- Resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses
- Establish encrypted VPN sessions
Correct answer: Monitor and manage network devices remotely
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) allows network administrators to monitor device status, collect statistics, and configure equipment remotely.
Question 4: What is IS-IS and where is it commonly used?
- Internet Standard for IP Switching; used in enterprise LANs
- Intermediate System to Intermediate System; used in large ISP and carrier backbone networks (Correct answer)
- Integrated Security for IP Systems; used in firewall deployments
- Internet Stability Improvement System; used in CDN networks
Correct answer: Intermediate System to Intermediate System; used in large ISP and carrier backbone networks
IS-IS is a link-state routing protocol widely used in large ISP backbones and carrier networks as an alternative to OSPF.
Question 5: What does NTP stand for and what does it do?
- Network Transfer Protocol; transfers files between servers
- Network Time Protocol; synchronizes clocks across network devices (Correct answer)
- Node Traffic Protocol; manages QoS policies
- Network Topology Protocol; discovers network maps
Correct answer: Network Time Protocol; synchronizes clocks across network devices
NTP (Network Time Protocol) synchronizes the clocks of computers and network devices to a reliable time source.
Question 6: What is RADIUS used for in telecommunications?
- Routing decisions in core networks
- Centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) for network access (Correct answer)
- Real-time audio distribution over IP
- Remote access to diagnostic interfaces
Correct answer: Centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) for network access
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) provides centralized AAA services for network access control, including VPN and wireless authentication.
Telecommunications Telecommunications Protocols 2
What is the purpose of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?