TEAS Science Practice Test #4 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following describes the function of the nephron?
- To filter blood and produce urine in the kidneys (Correct answer)
- To secrete digestive hormones in the pancreas
- To transport oxygen through the bloodstream
- To transmit nerve impulses in the spinal cord
Correct answer: To filter blood and produce urine in the kidneys
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. It filters blood under pressure (in the glomerulus), reabsorbs needed substances (water, glucose, ions), and produces urine from the remaining waste products.
Question 2: What is the difference between "mitosis" and "meiosis"?
- Mitosis produces gametes; meiosis produces body cells
- Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells; meiosis produces four unique haploid cells (Correct answer)
- Mitosis occurs only in reproductive organs; meiosis occurs throughout the body
- Mitosis involves crossing over; meiosis does not
Correct answer: Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells; meiosis produces four unique haploid cells
Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid (2n) daughter cells for growth and repair. Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid (n) cells (gametes) for sexual reproduction. Crossing over occurs during meiosis, not mitosis.
Question 3: In a food chain, organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis are called:
- Consumers
- Decomposers
- Producers (Correct answer)
- Herbivores
Correct answer: Producers
Producers (autotrophs) manufacture their own food using sunlight (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis). Plants are the primary producers in most food chains, forming the base of the energy pyramid.
Question 4: What is the pH of a neutral solution?
- 0
- 7 (Correct answer)
- 10
- 14
Correct answer: 7
pH is measured on a scale from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral (like pure water). Values below 7 are acidic; values above 7 are basic (alkaline). Normal blood pH is approximately 7.35–7.45 (slightly alkaline).
Question 5: Which of the following best describes the periosteum?
- The spongy inner layer of bone containing marrow
- The tough, fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone (Correct answer)
- The cartilage that cushions joints between bones
- The blood vessels that supply the inner compact bone
Correct answer: The tough, fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone
The periosteum is a dense, fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of bones (except at joint surfaces). It contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves, and plays a key role in bone growth, repair, and sensation.
Question 6: Which macromolecule serves as the primary long-term energy storage in the body?
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
- Lipids (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Lipids
Lipids (fats) are the primary long-term energy storage molecules, containing more than twice the energy per gram as carbohydrates (9 kcal/g vs. 4 kcal/g). Carbohydrates (glycogen) are used for short-term, readily available energy.
TEAS Science Practice Test #4 2
Which of the following describes the function of the nephron?