TCAP Science 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
- To produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration (Correct answer)
- To store genetic information
- To control what enters and exits the cell
- To produce proteins
Correct answer: To produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration
Mitochondria are the 'powerhouses' of the cell, generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular functions.
Question 2: Which layer of the Earth is composed of liquid iron and nickel?
- Outer core (Correct answer)
- Inner core
- Mantle
- Crust
Correct answer: Outer core
The outer core is a liquid layer composed primarily of iron and nickel, and its movements generate Earth's magnetic field through the dynamo effect.
Question 3: What is Newton's Third Law of Motion?
- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction (Correct answer)
- An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by a force
- Force equals mass times acceleration
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Correct answer: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton's Third Law states that for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Forces always come in pairs.
Question 4: What process do plants use to convert sunlight into chemical energy?
- Photosynthesis (Correct answer)
- Cellular respiration
- Fermentation
- Transpiration
Correct answer: Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen, converting light energy into chemical energy.
Question 5: What is the difference between a chemical change and a physical change?
- A chemical change creates new substances; a physical change does not (Correct answer)
- A physical change is irreversible; a chemical change is reversible
- Chemical changes involve only temperature changes
- Physical changes always produce gas
Correct answer: A chemical change creates new substances; a physical change does not
A chemical change results in the formation of new substances with different properties (burning, rusting), while a physical change alters appearance without changing the substance's identity (melting, cutting).
Question 6: What is the role of DNA in living organisms?
- To carry genetic instructions for development and functioning (Correct answer)
- To provide energy for cellular processes
- To protect cells from external damage
- To transport nutrients throughout the body
Correct answer: To carry genetic instructions for development and functioning
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the genetic blueprint that guides the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms.
TCAP Science 1
What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?