Social Work Human Development & Behavior 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to Erikson's psychosocial stages, what is the primary conflict faced during adolescence?
- Identity vs. Role Confusion (Correct answer)
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Autonomy vs. Shame
Correct answer: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Erikson identified identity vs. role confusion as the core developmental task of adolescence, during which teens explore who they are.
Question 2: Bowlby's attachment theory emphasizes that a child's early bond with a caregiver is essential for which developmental outcome?
- Cognitive development
- Emotional security (Correct answer)
- Physical growth
- Language acquisition
Correct answer: Emotional security
Bowlby argued that secure attachment to a primary caregiver provides the emotional foundation necessary for healthy development.
Question 3: Which theorist proposed the concept of the 'zone of proximal development'?
- Piaget
- Freud
- Vygotsky (Correct answer)
- Bandura
Correct answer: Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky introduced the zone of proximal development to describe tasks a learner can accomplish with guidance but not yet independently.
Question 4: In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which level must be satisfied before self-esteem needs can be addressed?
- Physiological needs
- Belongingness and love needs (Correct answer)
- Safety needs
- Self-actualization
Correct answer: Belongingness and love needs
Maslow's hierarchy places belongingness and love needs (social needs) directly below esteem needs in the motivational pyramid.
Question 5: Which of the following best describes the concept of 'resilience' in social work practice?
- The absence of risk factors in a client's life
- The capacity to recover and adapt positively despite adversity (Correct answer)
- Complete avoidance of stressful situations
- Dependence on professional support systems
Correct answer: The capacity to recover and adapt positively despite adversity
Resilience refers to an individual's ability to adapt successfully in the face of adversity, trauma, or significant stress.
Question 6: The ecological systems theory, developed by Bronfenbrenner, identifies the immediate environment such as family and school as which system?
- Exosystem
- Macrosystem
- Microsystem (Correct answer)
- Mesosystem
Correct answer: Microsystem
Bronfenbrenner's microsystem includes the settings that directly involve the individual, such as family, school, and peer groups.
Social Work Human Development & Behavior 1
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages, what is the primary conflict faced during adolescence?