RRT RRT Pharmacology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Racemic epinephrine is primarily used via nebulization to treat which condition in pediatric patients?
- Bronchiolitis
- Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) (Correct answer)
- Epiglottitis
- Asthma exacerbation
Correct answer: Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
Racemic epinephrine reduces subglottic edema in croup through alpha-adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction, relieving stridor.
Question 2: Which drug is used to reverse neuromuscular blockade in patients receiving non-depolarizing agents?
- Succinylcholine
- Neostigmine (Correct answer)
- Vecuronium
- Atracurium
Correct answer: Neostigmine
Neostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels at the neuromuscular junction to reverse non-depolarizing blockade.
Question 3: What is the primary indication for inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy?
- COPD exacerbation
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension in neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure (Correct answer)
- Status asthmaticus
- Pulmonary embolism
Correct answer: Pulmonary arterial hypertension in neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure
Inhaled nitric oxide selectively dilates pulmonary vasculature, reducing pulmonary vascular resistance in neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure and PPHN.
Question 4: Which diuretic is most commonly used to reduce pulmonary edema in patients with congestive heart failure?
- Spironolactone
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Furosemide (Correct answer)
- Mannitol
Correct answer: Furosemide
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that rapidly reduces intravascular volume and preload, relieving pulmonary congestion in CHF.
Question 5: What is the mechanism of action of surfactant replacement therapy?
- Stimulates mucus clearance
- Reduces surface tension in alveoli to prevent collapse (Correct answer)
- Dilates bronchial smooth muscle
- Inhibits inflammatory mediators
Correct answer: Reduces surface tension in alveoli to prevent collapse
Exogenous surfactant lowers alveolar surface tension, preventing atelectasis and improving lung compliance in neonates with RDS.
Question 6: Which medication is used to treat methemoglobinemia in patients with toxic oxygen levels?
- Vitamin K
- Methylene blue (Correct answer)
- Sodium thiosulfate
- Hydroxocobalamin
Correct answer: Methylene blue
Methylene blue reduces methemoglobin back to functional hemoglobin by acting as an electron donor via the NADPH-dependent pathway.
RRT RRT Pharmacology 2
Racemic epinephrine is primarily used via nebulization to treat which condition in pediatric patients?