PTC Exercise Physiology and Anatomy 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The SAID principle stands for Specific Adaptations to Imposed ___.
- Intensity
- Intervals
- Demands (Correct answer)
- Duration
Correct answer: Demands
SAID stands for Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands, meaning the body adapts specifically to the type and magnitude of stress placed upon it.
Question 2: Which bone forms the rounded posterior portion of the shoulder joint socket?
- Humerus
- Clavicle
- Glenoid fossa of scapula (Correct answer)
- Acromion process
Correct answer: Glenoid fossa of scapula
The glenoid fossa, a shallow cavity on the lateral scapula, forms the socket of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.
Question 3: What is the primary role of the rotator cuff muscles?
- Shoulder flexion and extension
- Stabilizing the humeral head in the glenoid fossa (Correct answer)
- Elbow flexion
- Scapular retraction
Correct answer: Stabilizing the humeral head in the glenoid fossa
The four rotator cuff muscles (SITS) compress and stabilize the humeral head within the shallow glenoid fossa, preventing dislocation during arm movements.
Question 4: During eccentric muscle action, the muscle is:
- Shortening while producing force
- Lengthening while producing force (Correct answer)
- Held at constant length
- Relaxed and not producing force
Correct answer: Lengthening while producing force
Eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle produces force while being lengthened, such as the biceps during the lowering phase of a bicep curl.
Question 5: What is the function of the lymphatic system in relation to exercise?
- Directly delivers oxygen to muscles
- Returns interstitial fluid to circulation and supports immune function (Correct answer)
- Produces red blood cells
- Regulates blood pressure
Correct answer: Returns interstitial fluid to circulation and supports immune function
The lymphatic system collects excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the bloodstream, and it transports immune cells, playing a role in recovery from exercise-induced tissue stress.
Question 6: What is the term for the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body?
- Adduction
- Flexion
- Abduction (Correct answer)
- Circumduction
Correct answer: Abduction
Abduction is the anatomical term for moving a limb away from the body's midline, such as raising the arm laterally in a side lateral raise.
PTC Exercise Physiology and Anatomy 2
The SAID principle stands for Specific Adaptations to Imposed ___.