Psychology Degree Psychology Degree Cognitive Processes and Memory Questions and Answers 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which memory model proposes that information is processed at different levels ranging from shallow to deep?
- Levels of processing framework (Correct answer)
- Atkinson-Shiffrin model
- Working memory model
- Parallel distributed processing model
Correct answer: Levels of processing framework
Craik and Lockhart's levels of processing framework suggests that deeper semantic processing leads to stronger memory traces than shallow structural processing.
Question 2: What is the term for the inability to form new long-term memories after brain damage?
- Retrograde amnesia
- Anterograde amnesia (Correct answer)
- Dissociative amnesia
- Source amnesia
Correct answer: Anterograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new long-term memories following brain injury, as famously documented in patient H.M.
Question 3: In cognitive psychology, what does the concept of 'chunking' primarily improve?
- Sensory memory duration
- Short-term memory capacity (Correct answer)
- Long-term potentiation
- Implicit memory retrieval
Correct answer: Short-term memory capacity
Chunking organizes individual units of information into larger meaningful groups, effectively expanding the limited capacity of short-term memory beyond the typical 7 plus or minus 2 items.
Question 4: Which phenomenon describes remembering items at the beginning of a list better than those in the middle?
- Recency effect
- Primacy effect (Correct answer)
- Von Restorff effect
- Spacing effect
Correct answer: Primacy effect
The primacy effect occurs because early list items receive more rehearsal and are more likely to be encoded into long-term memory.
Question 5: What type of cognitive process allows you to ride a bicycle without consciously thinking about each movement?
- Episodic memory
- Semantic memory
- Procedural memory (Correct answer)
- Prospective memory
Correct answer: Procedural memory
Procedural memory is a type of implicit long-term memory that stores information about how to perform motor skills and routines automatically.
Question 6: Which cognitive bias causes people to believe they knew an outcome all along after learning the result?
- Confirmation bias
- Hindsight bias (Correct answer)
- Availability heuristic
- Anchoring bias
Correct answer: Hindsight bias
Hindsight bias is the tendency to perceive past events as having been more predictable than they actually were once the outcome is known.
Psychology Degree Psychology Degree Cognitive Processes and Memory Questions and Answers 2
Which memory model proposes that information is processed at different levels ranging from shallow to deep?