PI - Cognitive Assessment Cognitive Assessment Logical Deduction Problems 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: All doctors are scientists. All scientists are educated. Which conclusion must be true?
- All educated people are doctors
- All doctors are educated (Correct answer)
- All scientists are doctors
- Some educated people are not scientists
Correct answer: All doctors are educated
Since all doctors are scientists, and all scientists are educated, it follows necessarily that all doctors are educated. The chain of 'all' statements allows this transitive conclusion.
Question 2: If the alarm rings, Maria wakes up. Maria did not wake up. What can you conclude?
- The alarm did not ring (Correct answer)
- The alarm rang but Maria ignored it
- Maria was already awake
- The alarm might have rung
Correct answer: The alarm did not ring
This is modus tollens: if P then Q; not Q; therefore not P. Since Maria did not wake up (the effect didn't happen), the alarm could not have rung (the cause didn't occur).
Question 3: Anna scores higher than Ben. Ben scores higher than Clara. Dana scores higher than Anna. Who scores the lowest?
- Anna
- Ben
- Clara (Correct answer)
- Dana
Correct answer: Clara
Ordering from highest to lowest: Dana > Anna > Ben > Clara. Clara is at the bottom of the chain, making her the lowest scorer.
Question 4: In a class of 40 students, 22 play basketball, 18 play soccer, and 6 play neither sport. How many students play both basketball and soccer?
- 4
- 6 (Correct answer)
- 8
- 10
Correct answer: 6
Students who play at least one sport = 40 − 6 = 34. Using inclusion-exclusion: Both = Basketball + Soccer − At least one = 22 + 18 − 34 = 6.
Question 5: No reptiles are warm-blooded. All snakes are reptiles. Which conclusion must be true?
- Some warm-blooded animals are snakes
- No snakes are warm-blooded (Correct answer)
- All reptiles are snakes
- Some snakes might be warm-blooded
Correct answer: No snakes are warm-blooded
Since all snakes are reptiles, and no reptiles are warm-blooded, it follows that no snakes are warm-blooded. The 'no' statement applies to every member of the reptile category, including snakes.
Question 6: Five boxes are stacked in a column. Box 3 is above Box 5. Box 1 is directly above Box 3. Box 2 is below Box 5. Box 4 is between Box 1 and Box 3. Which box is at the very bottom?
- Box 2 (Correct answer)
- Box 3
- Box 4
- Box 5
Correct answer: Box 2
Building the order from clues: Box 1 is directly above Box 3, so Box 4 (between them) gives: 1 → 4 → 3. Box 3 is above Box 5, so: 1 → 4 → 3 → 5. Box 2 is below Box 5, giving the full stack: 1 → 4 → 3 → 5 → 2. Box 2 is at the bottom.
PI - Cognitive Assessment Cognitive Assessment Logical Deduction Problems 1
All doctors are scientists.
All scientists are educated.
Which conclusion must be true?