PCAT Anatomy 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which cranial nerve is responsible for the gag reflex (sensory component)?
- CN VII (Facial)
- CN V (Trigeminal)
- CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) (Correct answer)
- CN XII (Hypoglossal)
Correct answer: CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) provides sensory innervation to the posterior pharynx, triggering the afferent limb of the gag reflex.
Question 2: The basilic vein drains into which vessel in the arm?
- Cephalic vein
- Subclavian vein
- Axillary vein (Correct answer)
- Brachial vein
Correct answer: Axillary vein
The basilic vein ascends the medial aspect of the arm and drains into the axillary vein.
Question 3: Which cells in the testes produce testosterone?
- Sertoli cells
- Leydig cells (Correct answer)
- Spermatogonia
- Primary spermatocytes
Correct answer: Leydig cells
Leydig (interstitial) cells located in the connective tissue between the seminiferous tubules produce testosterone in response to LH.
Question 4: The falciform ligament separates which two lobes of the liver?
- Right and caudate lobes
- Caudate and quadrate lobes
- Left and right lobes (Correct answer)
- Left and quadrate lobes
Correct answer: Left and right lobes
The falciform ligament is a peritoneal fold that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and separates the right and left lobes.
Question 5: Which bones form the pectoral girdle?
- Humerus and clavicle
- Clavicle and scapula (Correct answer)
- Scapula and sternum
- Clavicle and sternum
Correct answer: Clavicle and scapula
The pectoral (shoulder) girdle consists of the clavicle and scapula, which connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
Question 6: Goblet cells secrete mucus and are found in which type of epithelium?
- Stratified squamous
- Transitional
- Simple columnar (Correct answer)
- Pseudostratified columnar
Correct answer: Simple columnar
Goblet cells are unicellular mucous glands interspersed within simple columnar epithelium lining the intestines and other surfaces.
Question 7: The adrenal medulla is embryologically derived from which tissue?
- Mesoderm
- Endoderm
- Neural crest cells (Correct answer)
- Surface ectoderm
Correct answer: Neural crest cells
The adrenal medulla is derived from neural crest cells, which explains why it secretes catecholamines similar to sympathetic neurons.
PCAT Anatomy 3
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the gag reflex (sensory component)?