NYC Logical and Deductive Reasoning 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Statements: 'All evidence must be logged. Some logged items are photographs.' Which conclusion is definitely true?
- All photographs are evidence
- Some evidence consists of photographs
- All logged items are evidence (Correct answer)
- Some photographs are not logged
Correct answer: All logged items are evidence
All evidence must be logged, so every piece of evidence is among the logged items.
Question 2: A sergeant assigns tasks so that: if Task A is assigned, Task B must also be assigned; if Task B is assigned, Task C must be assigned. Task C was NOT assigned. What can be concluded?
- Task A was assigned but Task B was not
- Neither Task A nor Task B was assigned (Correct answer)
- Task B was assigned but not Task A
- Task A may or may not have been assigned
Correct answer: Neither Task A nor Task B was assigned
By contrapositive: no C means no B, and no B means no A — so neither A nor B was assigned.
Question 3: Officers are assigned to precincts based on seniority: the most senior officer gets first choice. If Officer Kim has more seniority than Officer Lee, and Officer Lee has more seniority than Officer Park, who picks their precinct last among the three?
- Kim
- Lee
- Park (Correct answer)
- They pick simultaneously
Correct answer: Park
Park has the least seniority among the three and therefore picks last.
Question 4: A dispatcher notes: 'Units are only dispatched to a scene if there is a confirmed incident.' Unit 7 was dispatched. What must be true?
- An incident may have been confirmed
- An incident was confirmed (Correct answer)
- Unit 7 confirmed the incident itself
- Dispatch made an error
Correct answer: An incident was confirmed
Dispatch only occurs with a confirmed incident; since Unit 7 was dispatched, an incident was confirmed.
Question 5: Four departments — W, X, Y, Z — must each present once. X presents before Z. Y presents after W but before X. Which order is correct?
- W, X, Y, Z
- W, Y, X, Z (Correct answer)
- Y, W, X, Z
- X, W, Y, Z
Correct answer: W, Y, X, Z
Y is after W and before X, and X is before Z, giving the sequence W → Y → X → Z.
Question 6: An agency rule states: 'No supervisor may approve their own expense report.' Director Reyes is a supervisor. Which action would violate this rule?
- Reyes approving a subordinate's expense report
- Reyes submitting her own expense report for approval
- Reyes approving her own expense report (Correct answer)
- Reyes reviewing but not approving her own report
Correct answer: Reyes approving her own expense report
The rule specifically forbids supervisors from approving their own expense reports.
Question 7: In a logical argument: 'If public buildings are overcrowded, evacuation time increases. Evacuation time has not increased.' What can be deduced?
- Public buildings may be overcrowded
- Public buildings are not overcrowded (Correct answer)
- Evacuation time will increase soon
- Overcrowding is unrelated to evacuation time
Correct answer: Public buildings are not overcrowded
By contrapositive, if evacuation time has not increased, the buildings are not overcrowded.
NYC Logical and Deductive Reasoning 3
Statements: 'All evidence must be logged.
Some logged items are photographs.' Which conclusion is definitely true?