NTS NTS - National Testing Service Critical Thinking and Logical Reasoning 2 ā Questions and Answers
Question 1: If A > B and B > C, which statement must be true?
- C > A
- A = C
- A > C (Correct answer)
- B = A
Correct answer: A > C
By the transitive property of inequality, if A > B and B > C, then A > C.
Question 2: If "FAST" is coded as "GBTU," how is "SLOW" coded?
- TMPX (Correct answer)
- SLOX
- TMQX
- TMPW
Correct answer: TMPX
Each letter is shifted one position forward in the alphabet: SāT, LāM, OāP, WāX = TMPX.
Question 3: A man points to a photo and says, "Her mother is my mother's only daughter." Who is in the photo?
- His sister
- His aunt
- His daughter
- His niece (Correct answer)
Correct answer: His niece
"My mother's only daughter" is the man's sister, so the person in the photo is the man's sister's daughter ā his niece.
Question 4: If some A are B, which statement must also be true?
- All B are A.
- No B are A.
- Some B are A. (Correct answer)
- All A are B.
Correct answer: Some B are A.
"Some A are B" is logically equivalent to "Some B are A" ā the partial overlap is reciprocal.
Question 5: Which argument form is logically valid?
- If P then Q; Q is true; therefore P is true.
- If P then Q; P is false; therefore Q is false.
- If P then Q; P is true; therefore Q is true. (Correct answer)
- If P then Q; Q is false; therefore P is true.
Correct answer: If P then Q; P is true; therefore Q is true.
"If P then Q; P is true; therefore Q is true" is modus ponens, the fundamental valid deductive form.
Question 6: The statement "If it rains, the ground gets wet" is logically equivalent to:
- If the ground is wet, it rained.
- If it does not rain, the ground stays dry.
- If the ground is not wet, it did not rain. (Correct answer)
- Rain and wet ground always occur together.
Correct answer: If the ground is not wet, it did not rain.
The contrapositive "If not Q, then not P" is logically equivalent to the original conditional "If P then Q."
NTS NTS - National Testing Service Critical Thinking and Logical Reasoning 2
If A > B and B > C, which statement must be true?