NCBTMB Kinesiology and Biomechanics 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which muscle acts as the primary synergist to the gluteus maximus during hip extension?
- Biceps femoris (Correct answer)
- Rectus femoris
- Tensor fasciae latae
- Sartorius
Correct answer: Biceps femoris
The biceps femoris (long head) assists the gluteus maximus as a synergist in hip extension.
Question 2: When the scapula moves away from the spine, this motion is called:
- Retraction
- Elevation
- Protraction (Correct answer)
- Upward rotation
Correct answer: Protraction
Protraction (abduction) of the scapula is movement away from the vertebral column, performed primarily by the serratus anterior.
Question 3: A client has weak hip abductors. Which gait deviation would you expect?
- Trendelenburg gait (Correct answer)
- Scissor gait
- Antalgic gait
- Steppage gait
Correct answer: Trendelenburg gait
Trendelenburg gait occurs when weak hip abductors (primarily gluteus medius) fail to stabilize the pelvis during single-leg stance, causing the contralateral hip to drop.
Question 4: The term 'closed kinetic chain' refers to movement where:
- The distal segment is fixed and the proximal segment moves (Correct answer)
- The proximal segment is fixed and the distal segment moves
- No joint movement occurs
- Movement occurs in only one plane
Correct answer: The distal segment is fixed and the proximal segment moves
In a closed kinetic chain, the distal segment (such as the foot) is fixed to a surface, causing the proximal segments to move.
Question 5: Which type of muscle contraction produces the greatest force?
- Concentric
- Isometric
- Eccentric (Correct answer)
- Isokinetic
Correct answer: Eccentric
Eccentric contractions, where the muscle lengthens under load, produce greater force than both concentric and isometric contractions.
Question 6: The line of gravity falls anterior to which lumbar vertebral segment in normal standing posture?
- L1
- L3 (Correct answer)
- L5
- L2
Correct answer: L3
In standard anatomical posture, the line of gravity passes anterior to the lumbar spine at approximately the L3 level.
Question 7: Which motion occurs at the subtalar joint that allows the foot to adapt to uneven terrain?
- Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
- Inversion and eversion (Correct answer)
- Abduction and adduction
- Flexion and extension
Correct answer: Inversion and eversion
The subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint primarily allows inversion and eversion, enabling the foot to adapt to uneven ground surfaces.
NCBTMB Kinesiology and Biomechanics 2
Which muscle acts as the primary synergist to the gluteus maximus during hip extension?