NCBTMB Applied Science and Anatomy 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following best describes the periosteum?
- The spongy interior layer of bone
- The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone (Correct answer)
- The cartilage lining joint surfaces
- The medullary cavity of long bones
Correct answer: The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone
The periosteum is a dense fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of bones except at articular surfaces.
Question 2: What is the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?
- Deposit new bone matrix
- Resorb and break down bone tissue (Correct answer)
- Produce collagen fibers in bone
- Calcify cartilage into bone
Correct answer: Resorb and break down bone tissue
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that secrete acids and enzymes to resorb bone matrix during remodeling and repair.
Question 3: Which nerve is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot and may be compressed at the fibular head?
- Tibial nerve
- Femoral nerve
- Common peroneal nerve (Correct answer)
- Sural nerve
Correct answer: Common peroneal nerve
The common peroneal (fibular) nerve wraps around the neck of the fibula and innervates muscles that dorsiflex and evert the foot.
Question 4: The anatomical term 'supine' describes which body position?
- Lying face down
- Standing upright
- Lying face up (Correct answer)
- Side-lying
Correct answer: Lying face up
Supine means lying on the back with the face upward, which is the opposite of the prone position.
Question 5: Which muscle group is primarily responsible for spinal extension and is targeted during deep tissue work to the back?
- Abdominal muscles
- Erector spinae group (Correct answer)
- Psoas major
- Quadratus lumborum
Correct answer: Erector spinae group
The erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) runs parallel to the spine and is the primary extensor of the vertebral column.
Question 6: What does the term 'agonist' mean in the context of muscle function?
- A muscle that opposes the primary mover
- The primary muscle producing a movement (Correct answer)
- A muscle that stabilizes a joint
- A muscle that assists a synergist
Correct answer: The primary muscle producing a movement
The agonist (prime mover) is the muscle primarily responsible for producing a specific movement at a joint.
Question 7: Which organ produces bile and is the largest glandular organ in the body?
- Pancreas
- Spleen
- Liver (Correct answer)
- Gallbladder
Correct answer: Liver
The liver produces bile for fat emulsification, detoxifies blood, metabolizes nutrients, and is the largest internal glandular organ.
NCBTMB Applied Science and Anatomy 3
Which of the following best describes the periosteum?