NCBTMB Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach and intestines?
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle (Correct answer)
- Striated muscle
Correct answer: Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle is involuntary and lines hollow organs, controlling functions like digestion and blood vessel tone.
Question 2: The olecranon process is a bony landmark located on which bone?
- Radius
- Humerus
- Ulna (Correct answer)
- Scapula
Correct answer: Ulna
The olecranon process is the large posterior projection of the ulna that forms the point of the elbow.
Question 3: Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the majority of parasympathetic functions in the thorax and abdomen?
- Trigeminal (CN V)
- Facial (CN VII)
- Vagus (CN X) (Correct answer)
- Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Correct answer: Vagus (CN X)
The vagus nerve (CN X) is the primary parasympathetic nerve, innervating the heart, lungs, and most abdominal organs.
Question 4: What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?
- Transports oxygen across the alveolar membrane
- Reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse (Correct answer)
- Filters inhaled particles
- Stimulates diaphragm contraction
Correct answer: Reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse
Surfactant is a phospholipid substance produced by type II pneumocytes that lowers surface tension within alveoli, preventing their collapse during exhalation.
Question 5: The inguinal ligament extends between which two bony landmarks?
- Iliac crest and pubic tubercle
- Anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle (Correct answer)
- Sacrum and ischial tuberosity
- Greater trochanter and pubic symphysis
Correct answer: Anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle
The inguinal ligament runs from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the pubic tubercle, forming the floor of the inguinal canal.
Question 6: Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves the contraction of the ventricles?
- Diastole
- Atrial systole
- Ventricular systole (Correct answer)
- Isovolumetric relaxation
Correct answer: Ventricular systole
Ventricular systole is the phase when ventricles contract, ejecting blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Question 7: Which layer of skin contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands?
- Epidermis
- Dermis (Correct answer)
- Hypodermis
- Stratum corneum
Correct answer: Dermis
The dermis contains hair follicles, sebaceous (oil) glands, sweat glands, nerves, and blood vessels.
NCBTMB Anatomy and Physiology 2
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach and intestines?