NAVLE Veterinary Public Health 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which zoonotic pathogen is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with infected animal urine, particularly in flooded environments?
- Brucella abortus
- Leptospira interrogans (Correct answer)
- Coxiella burnetii
- Francisella tularensis
Correct answer: Leptospira interrogans
Leptospira interrogans is shed in animal urine and transmitted via water or soil contact, with flooding increasing exposure risk.
Question 2: Under the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), which rule specifically addresses hazard analysis and preventive controls for human food facilities?
- Produce Safety Rule
- Preventive Controls for Human Food Rule (Correct answer)
- Foreign Supplier Verification Rule
- Sanitary Transportation Rule
Correct answer: Preventive Controls for Human Food Rule
The Preventive Controls for Human Food Rule requires food facilities to implement hazard analysis and risk-based preventive controls.
Question 3: A dairy herd is diagnosed with Brucella abortus. Which federal program mandates testing and slaughter of reactor animals in the US?
- National Poultry Improvement Plan
- Brucellosis Eradication Program (Correct answer)
- National Animal Health Monitoring System
- Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program
Correct answer: Brucellosis Eradication Program
The USDA Brucellosis Eradication Program requires identification, testing, and depopulation of Brucella-positive herds.
Question 4: Which method is used to calculate the attack rate during a foodborne illness outbreak investigation?
- Number ill / total population × 100
- Number ill / number exposed × 100 (Correct answer)
- Number exposed / number ill × 100
- Number new cases / population at risk × 100
Correct answer: Number ill / number exposed × 100
Attack rate = (number of ill persons / number exposed) × 100, measuring the proportion of exposed individuals who became ill.
Question 5: A veterinarian discovers a dog imported from a rabies-endemic country without documentation of vaccination. The appropriate immediate action under US regulations is:
- Euthanize the dog immediately
- Quarantine the dog for up to 6 months (Correct answer)
- Vaccinate and release within 24 hours
- File a report with the CDC within 72 hours
Correct answer: Quarantine the dog for up to 6 months
CDC regulations require dogs imported from high-risk countries without valid rabies vaccination to be quarantined for up to 6 months.
Question 6: Which surveillance system in the US monitors antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic enteric pathogens from humans, animals, and retail meat?
- NAHMS
- NARMS (Correct answer)
- APHIS VS
- FSIS HACCP
Correct answer: NARMS
The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) tracks resistance trends across the human-animal-food interface.
Question 7: Which of the following best describes the concept of 'One Health' in veterinary public health?
- A single federal agency overseeing all animal and human health programs
- An integrated approach recognizing the interconnection of human, animal, and environmental health (Correct answer)
- A standardized vaccination protocol applied to all domestic species
- A global treaty requiring nations to report animal disease outbreaks within 24 hours
Correct answer: An integrated approach recognizing the interconnection of human, animal, and environmental health
One Health is a collaborative, multisectoral approach recognizing that human, animal, and environmental health are interdependent.
NAVLE Veterinary Public Health 2
Which zoonotic pathogen is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with infected animal urine, particularly in flooded environments?