MSNCB Health Promotion & Disease Prevention 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A nurse is counseling a 50-year-old patient about colorectal cancer screening. Which recommendation aligns with current US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for average-risk adults?
- Begin colonoscopy screening at age 40
- Begin screening at age 45 using any approved method (Correct answer)
- Screen only if family history is positive
- Screen annually with fecal occult blood test starting at age 60
Correct answer: Begin screening at age 45 using any approved method
USPSTF recommends colorectal cancer screening beginning at age 45 for average-risk adults using any approved modality.
Question 2: Which behavior change model focuses on an individual's readiness to change and identifies stages from precontemplation through maintenance?
- Health Belief Model
- Transtheoretical Model (Correct answer)
- Social Cognitive Theory
- PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
Correct answer: Transtheoretical Model
The Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change) describes readiness to change across five stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.
Question 3: A med-surg nurse is educating a patient with hypertension about the DASH diet. Which food choice best reflects DASH diet principles?
- Canned soup with 900 mg sodium per serving
- Low-fat dairy, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains (Correct answer)
- High-protein diet with minimal carbohydrates
- Foods rich in saturated fats to increase caloric intake
Correct answer: Low-fat dairy, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
The DASH diet emphasizes low-fat dairy, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and limits sodium and saturated fat to reduce blood pressure.
Question 4: A nurse assesses a 65-year-old male patient who smokes 1 pack per day. Which cancer screening is specifically recommended for this patient based on his smoking history?
- Annual chest X-ray
- Annual low-dose CT scan of the chest (Correct answer)
- Sputum cytology every 6 months
- Bronchoscopy every 2 years
Correct answer: Annual low-dose CT scan of the chest
USPSTF recommends annual low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening for adults aged 50–80 with a 20 pack-year history who currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years.
Question 5: Which primary prevention strategy is most appropriate for a community with a high incidence of type 2 diabetes?
- Establishing diabetic foot care clinics
- Implementing weight management and exercise programs for at-risk individuals (Correct answer)
- Screening all adults for HbA1c annually
- Distributing insulin supplies to low-income residents
Correct answer: Implementing weight management and exercise programs for at-risk individuals
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease onset; lifestyle interventions targeting weight and physical activity reduce type 2 diabetes risk in high-risk populations.
Question 6: A nurse teaches a patient about secondary prevention. Which activity is an example of secondary prevention?
- Administering the influenza vaccine
- Performing a mammogram to detect early breast cancer (Correct answer)
- Providing physical therapy after a stroke
- Educating school children about hand hygiene
Correct answer: Performing a mammogram to detect early breast cancer
Secondary prevention involves early detection of disease through screening, such as mammography to identify breast cancer before symptoms appear.
Question 7: A patient asks a nurse about the difference between efficacy and effectiveness of a vaccine. Which response is most accurate?
- Efficacy measures real-world performance; effectiveness measures clinical trial performance
- Efficacy measures performance in controlled trials; effectiveness measures real-world performance (Correct answer)
- Both terms are interchangeable in vaccine science
- Effectiveness applies only to live attenuated vaccines
Correct answer: Efficacy measures performance in controlled trials; effectiveness measures real-world performance
Vaccine efficacy refers to performance under controlled trial conditions, while effectiveness reflects how well a vaccine works in real-world populations.
MSNCB Health Promotion & Disease Prevention 2
A nurse is counseling a 50-year-old patient about colorectal cancer screening.
Which recommendation aligns with current US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for average-risk adults?