Macro Coach Certification Macro Coach Macronutrient Science Fundamentals Questions and Answers 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which lipoprotein is primarily responsible for transporting dietary fat from the intestines to peripheral tissues?
- Chylomicron (Correct answer)
- LDL
- HDL
- VLDL
Correct answer: Chylomicron
Chylomicrons are assembled in intestinal enterocytes and carry dietary triglycerides through the lymphatic system to peripheral tissues.
Question 2: What is the primary role of glucagon in macronutrient metabolism?
- Stimulates glycogen synthesis
- Promotes fat storage
- Raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (Correct answer)
- Blocks amino acid uptake in muscle
Correct answer: Raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Glucagon signals the liver to break down glycogen and produce new glucose, counteracting the effects of insulin during fasting states.
Question 3: Which amino acid is considered rate-limiting for muscle protein synthesis?
- Glutamine
- Leucine (Correct answer)
- Valine
- Arginine
Correct answer: Leucine
Leucine acts as a key anabolic signal that directly activates the mTORC1 pathway to initiate muscle protein synthesis.
Question 4: The thermic effect of protein is approximately what percentage of its caloric value?
- 2–5%
- 5–10%
- 20–30% (Correct answer)
- 35–40%
Correct answer: 20–30%
Protein requires 20–30% of its own calories to be digested, absorbed, and metabolized, giving it the highest thermic effect of the three macronutrients.
Question 5: What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in the human body?
- Starch
- Glucose
- Glycogen (Correct answer)
- Fructose
Correct answer: Glycogen
Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose stored in the liver (~100 g) and skeletal muscle (~400 g) for rapid energy release.
Question 6: Which fatty acid classification describes fats with two or more double bonds in their carbon chain?
- Saturated
- Monounsaturated
- Polyunsaturated (Correct answer)
- Trans
Correct answer: Polyunsaturated
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) contain multiple carbon-carbon double bonds, making them liquid at room temperature and essential dietary nutrients.
Macro Coach Certification Macro Coach Macronutrient Science Fundamentals Questions and Answers 2
Which lipoprotein is primarily responsible for transporting dietary fat from the intestines to peripheral tissues?