LPN - Certified Practical Nurse Health Promotion and Maintenance Questions and Answers 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: An LPN is reinforcing dietary teaching for a client newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet?
- "I should focus on increasing my intake of red meat and whole milk."
- "I need to limit my sodium intake and eat more fruits and vegetables." (Correct answer)
- "Canned soups and processed foods are good choices for quick meals."
- "Salted nuts and pretzels are acceptable snacks in any quantity."
Correct answer: "I need to limit my sodium intake and eat more fruits and vegetables."
The DASH diet is a key component of managing hypertension. It emphasizes high intake of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, while limiting sodium, saturated fats, and added sugars. The client's statement about limiting sodium and increasing fruits and vegetables correctly reflects the core principles of this eating plan.
Question 2: Which of the following is the best example of a primary prevention strategy for promoting health?
- Administering prescribed blood pressure medication to a client with hypertension.
- Teaching a group of healthy adolescents about the importance of regular exercise and a balanced diet. (Correct answer)
- Assisting a client with a new ostomy to learn about stoma care.
- Performing a mammogram on a 50-year-old woman to screen for breast cancer.
Correct answer: Teaching a group of healthy adolescents about the importance of regular exercise and a balanced diet.
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs. Educating healthy adolescents about beneficial lifestyle habits is a classic example of primary prevention. Administering medication for an existing condition and teaching ostomy care are examples of tertiary prevention (managing an existing disease). A screening mammogram is an example of secondary prevention (early detection).
Question 3: An LPN is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 2-year-old toddler during a well-child visit. Which topic is the highest priority for health promotion and injury prevention for this age group?
- Discussing the risks and signs of substance abuse.
- Reviewing the importance of proper car seat use and water safety. (Correct answer)
- Teaching the child about online safety and cyberbullying.
- Providing information on advance directives and living wills.
Correct answer: Reviewing the importance of proper car seat use and water safety.
For toddlers (ages 1-3), unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death and disability. Motor vehicle crashes and drowning are major risks. Therefore, reinforcing education on correct car seat use and constant supervision near water are the highest priorities for injury prevention in this age group. The other topics are appropriate for older age groups.
Question 4: A 52-year-old client with a healthy immune system asks the LPN which immunizations they should be considering. Based on current CDC recommendations, which vaccine is appropriate to recommend for this client?
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
- Recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) for shingles (Correct answer)
- Varicella (chickenpox)
Correct answer: Recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) for shingles
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that healthy adults receive the recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) to prevent shingles beginning at age 50. The HPV vaccine is typically recommended for adolescents and young adults. The MMR and Varicella vaccines are usually administered in childhood, although catch-up doses may be needed in certain circumstances.
Question 5: An LPN is reinforcing teaching about foot care for a client with type 2 diabetes. Which instruction is most important to include to prevent complications?
- "Soak your feet in hot water daily to soften the skin."
- "Apply a generous amount of lotion between your toes to prevent cracking."
- "It is safe to walk barefoot inside your home."
- "Inspect the entire surface of your feet daily for any cuts or blisters." (Correct answer)
Correct answer: "Inspect the entire surface of your feet daily for any cuts or blisters."
Due to the risk of peripheral neuropathy (loss of sensation), clients with diabetes may not feel minor injuries to their feet. Daily visual inspection is critical for early detection of cuts, sores, or blisters that could lead to serious infections. Soaking feet in hot water is dangerous due to the risk of burns. Lotion should not be applied between the toes as it can promote fungal growth, and walking barefoot increases the risk of injury.
Question 6: The LPN is educating a 48-year-old client of average risk about routine colorectal cancer screening. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following is a recommended screening option?
- A colonoscopy every 10 years. (Correct answer)
- A yearly abdominal CT scan.
- A barium enema every 2 years.
- Blood work to check for tumor markers annually.
Correct answer: A colonoscopy every 10 years.
The American Cancer Society recommends that people at average risk for colorectal cancer start regular screening at age 45. A colonoscopy performed every 10 years is a primary and highly effective visual screening method. Abdominal CT scans, barium enemas, and blood tumor markers are not standard routine screening tests for average-risk individuals.
LPN - Certified Practical Nurse Health Promotion and Maintenance Questions and Answers 1
An LPN is reinforcing dietary teaching for a client newly diagnosed with hypertension.
Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet?