LPC Career Development Theories 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to Super's Life-Span, Life-Space theory, which stage involves a person actively advancing in their occupation and striving for seniority?
- Exploration
- Establishment
- Maintenance (Correct answer)
- Decline
Correct answer: Maintenance
The Maintenance stage (ages 45–65) involves maintaining one's position and continuing in a chosen field rather than advancing to new ones.
Question 2: Holland's RIASEC model categorizes the 'Investigative' type as someone who primarily prefers activities that are:
- Structured and rule-based
- Analytical and intellectual (Correct answer)
- Creative and unstructured
- Social and cooperative
Correct answer: Analytical and intellectual
Investigative types prefer analytical, intellectual tasks such as research, problem-solving, and scientific inquiry.
Question 3: Krumboltz's Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making emphasizes that career choices are primarily influenced by:
- Unconscious drives and early childhood experiences
- Genetic endowment, environmental conditions, and learning experiences (Correct answer)
- Intrinsic motivation and self-actualization needs
- Cultural context and societal role expectations
Correct answer: Genetic endowment, environmental conditions, and learning experiences
Krumboltz identified four factors: genetic endowment, environmental conditions and events, learning experiences, and task approach skills.
Question 4: In Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise, 'circumscription' refers to:
- Narrowing career options based on perceived compatibility with self-concept (Correct answer)
- Selecting a less-preferred career due to external barriers
- Expanding one's occupational aspirations over time
- Matching personality type to work environment
Correct answer: Narrowing career options based on perceived compatibility with self-concept
Circumscription is the process by which children eliminate unacceptable occupations, narrowing their 'zone of acceptable alternatives.'
Question 5: The concept of 'work salience' in Super's theory refers to:
- The prestige associated with a particular occupation
- The relative importance of work in relation to other life roles (Correct answer)
- A person's readiness to make career decisions
- The match between a worker's skills and job demands
Correct answer: The relative importance of work in relation to other life roles
Work salience describes how central or important the work role is to an individual compared to other life roles like parent or spouse.
Question 6: Which career theory introduced the concept of 'occupational daydreams' as a useful counseling tool?
- Roe's Personality Theory
- Holland's Typology Theory (Correct answer)
- Lofquist and Dawis's TWA
- Tiedeman and O'Hara's Decision-Making Model
Correct answer: Holland's Typology Theory
Holland suggested that occupational daydreams can reveal a person's genuine interests and personality type when other assessments are unavailable.
Question 7: According to the Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA), 'satisfactoriness' is defined as:
- How satisfied the employee is with the job
- How well the employee fulfills the requirements of the work environment (Correct answer)
- The degree of congruence between values and occupational reinforcers
- The employee's intention to remain in a position long-term
Correct answer: How well the employee fulfills the requirements of the work environment
Satisfactoriness refers to the employer's assessment of how well the employee meets job requirements, distinct from the employee's own satisfaction.
LPC Career Development Theories 2
According to Super's Life-Span, Life-Space theory, which stage involves a person actively advancing in their occupation and striving for seniority?