LFCS Certification LFCS Boot Process and System Initialization 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the systemd target equivalent to traditional runlevel 3 (multi-user, no GUI)?
- runlevel3.target
- multi-user.target (Correct answer)
- text.target
- console.target
Correct answer: multi-user.target
multi-user.target is the systemd equivalent of runlevel 3: full network, multi-user, but no graphical environment.
Question 2: Which command sets the default systemd target that the system boots into?
- systemctl enable
- systemctl set-default (Correct answer)
- systemctl change-target
- systemctl isolate
Correct answer: systemctl set-default
systemctl set-default <target> creates a symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to the specified target.
Question 3: What command displays the current default systemd boot target?
- systemctl status default.target
- systemctl get-default (Correct answer)
- systemctl list-targets
- runlevel
Correct answer: systemctl get-default
systemctl get-default reads the symlink at /etc/systemd/system/default.target and prints its target name.
Question 4: Which systemd target is equivalent to runlevel 5 and starts the graphical desktop?
- gui.target
- desktop.target
- graphical.target (Correct answer)
- x11.target
Correct answer: graphical.target
graphical.target is the systemd equivalent of runlevel 5, pulling in a display manager and desktop environment.
Question 5: How do you immediately switch to rescue.target on a running system without rebooting?
- systemctl switch rescue.target
- systemctl isolate rescue.target (Correct answer)
- systemctl start rescue.target
- systemctl emergency
Correct answer: systemctl isolate rescue.target
systemctl isolate <target> switches to the given target immediately, stopping all units not required by it.
Question 6: In which file do you persistently add custom kernel parameters on systemd-based systems using GRUB 2?
- /etc/kernel/cmdline
- /proc/cmdline
- /etc/default/grub (Correct answer)
- /boot/cmdline.conf
Correct answer: /etc/default/grub
You add parameters to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX in /etc/default/grub, then run grub2-mkconfig to rebuild grub.cfg.
LFCS Certification LFCS Boot Process and System Initialization 2
What is the systemd target equivalent to traditional runlevel 3 (multi-user, no GUI)?