IT and Technology IoT & Emerging Technologies 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which communication protocol is most commonly used for lightweight IoT messaging?
- HTTP/1.1
- FTP
- MQTT (Correct answer)
- SMTP
Correct answer: MQTT
MQTT is a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol designed for constrained devices and low-bandwidth, high-latency IoT networks.
Question 2: What is edge computing in the context of IoT?
- Storing all IoT data in a central cloud data center
- Processing data closer to the device rather than sending everything to the cloud (Correct answer)
- Connecting IoT devices via Bluetooth only
- Using edge routers to block IoT traffic from the internet
Correct answer: Processing data closer to the device rather than sending everything to the cloud
Edge computing moves processing and storage closer to where data is generated, reducing latency and bandwidth usage compared to centralized cloud processing.
Question 3: Which security concern is most prevalent in IoT deployments?
- Excessive RAM usage
- Use of default or hardcoded credentials (Correct answer)
- Too many software updates
- High CPU utilization
Correct answer: Use of default or hardcoded credentials
Many IoT devices ship with default usernames and passwords that users never change, making them easy targets for botnet attacks like Mirai.
Question 4: What does a digital twin represent in IoT?
- A backup cloud server
- A virtual replica of a physical device or system for simulation (Correct answer)
- A secondary IoT sensor for redundancy
- An encrypted copy of device firmware
Correct answer: A virtual replica of a physical device or system for simulation
A digital twin is a virtual model that mirrors a physical asset in real time, enabling simulation, monitoring, and predictive maintenance.
Question 5: Which wireless technology is designed for long-range, low-power IoT communication?
- Wi-Fi 6
- Bluetooth Classic
- LoRaWAN (Correct answer)
- NFC
Correct answer: LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is designed for IoT devices that need to transmit small amounts of data over several kilometers while running on battery for years.
Question 6: In IoT security, what is firmware over-the-air (FOTA) update?
- Physically replacing device hardware in the field
- Wirelessly delivering firmware updates to IoT devices remotely (Correct answer)
- Sending firmware files via email attachment
- Updating cloud dashboards without device changes
Correct answer: Wirelessly delivering firmware updates to IoT devices remotely
FOTA allows manufacturers to remotely push security patches and feature updates to deployed IoT devices without physical access.
IT and Technology IoT & Emerging Technologies 1
Which communication protocol is most commonly used for lightweight IoT messaging?