IKM Information Technology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which RAID level provides disk mirroring without striping?
- RAID 0
- RAID 1 (Correct answer)
- RAID 5
- RAID 10
Correct answer: RAID 1
RAID 1 creates an exact copy (mirror) of data on two or more disks, providing redundancy without striping.
RAID 1 mirrors data across two or more drives. If one drive fails, the other contains a complete copy. Unlike RAID 0 which only stripes data for performance, or RAID 5 which uses parity, RAID 1 provides straightforward redundancy through mirroring.
Question 2: What is the primary purpose of a DMZ in network architecture?
- To increase internal network speed
- To provide a buffer zone between the internal network and the internet (Correct answer)
- To store database backups
- To manage DHCP assignments
Correct answer: To provide a buffer zone between the internal network and the internet
A DMZ is a perimeter network segment that sits between an organization's internal network and the untrusted external network.
A DMZ adds an additional layer of security. Public-facing services like web servers and mail servers are placed in the DMZ so that if compromised, the attacker still cannot directly access the internal network. Firewalls control traffic between the DMZ and both internal and external networks.
Question 3: Which protocol operates at Layer 4 of the OSI model and provides reliable ordered delivery?
- HTTP
- TCP (Correct answer)
- IP
- ARP
Correct answer: TCP
TCP operates at the Transport layer (Layer 4) and ensures reliable, ordered data delivery through acknowledgments and retransmissions.
The OSI model's Layer 4 (Transport) is responsible for end-to-end communication. TCP provides connection-oriented, reliable delivery with features like three-way handshake, sequencing, flow control, and error recovery. UDP also operates at Layer 4 but is connectionless.
Question 4: What does SLA stand for in IT service management?
- System Level Architecture
- Service Level Agreement (Correct answer)
- Software Licensing Arrangement
- Secure Login Authentication
Correct answer: Service Level Agreement
A Service Level Agreement defines the level of service expected by a customer from a supplier, including metrics for measuring service quality.
SLAs are critical in IT service management frameworks like ITIL. They specify measurable metrics such as uptime percentages, response times, resolution times, and penalties for non-compliance.
Question 5: Which virtualization type runs directly on hardware without a host operating system?
- Type 2 hypervisor
- Container runtime
- Type 1 hypervisor (Correct answer)
- Application sandbox
Correct answer: Type 1 hypervisor
A Type 1 (bare-metal) hypervisor runs directly on the physical hardware without requiring a host OS.
Type 1 hypervisors like VMware ESXi and Xen run directly on hardware. Type 2 hypervisors like VirtualBox run on top of a host OS. Type 1 provides better performance since there is no intermediary OS layer.
Question 6: What is the primary function of Active Directory in a Windows environment?
- File compression
- Centralized identity and access management (Correct answer)
- Real-time malware scanning
- Network packet routing
Correct answer: Centralized identity and access management
Active Directory provides centralized authentication and authorization services, managing users, computers, groups, and policies across a Windows domain.
Active Directory is Microsoft's directory service for Windows domain networks. It stores information about network objects and provides authentication via Kerberos, authorization through Group Policy, and a hierarchical organizational structure using domains, trees, and forests.
IKM Information Technology 2
Which RAID level provides disk mirroring without striping?