ICVA Small Ruminant Herd Health 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which internal parasite is most commonly associated with 'bottle jaw' (submandibular edema) in sheep and goats?
- Fasciola hepatica
- Haemonchus contortus (Correct answer)
- Ostertagia ostertagi
- Dictyocaulus filaria
Correct answer: Haemonchus contortus
Haemonchus contortus is a blood-sucking abomasal nematode that causes hypoproteinemia and subsequent submandibular edema known as 'bottle jaw.'
Question 2: The FAMACHA scoring system in small ruminants is used to assess which clinical parameter?
- Body condition score
- Fecal egg count
- Conjunctival mucous membrane color (Correct answer)
- Rumen motility
Correct answer: Conjunctival mucous membrane color
FAMACHA evaluates the color of the ocular conjunctival mucous membranes to estimate anemia caused primarily by Haemonchus contortus infestation.
Question 3: Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in small ruminants is caused by which organism?
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Correct answer)
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Pasteurella multocida
- Listeria monocytogenes
Correct answer: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis causes CLA, characterized by abscess formation in superficial lymph nodes and internal organs of sheep and goats.
Question 4: Which vitamin deficiency in young small ruminants leads to 'white muscle disease' (nutritional myodegeneration)?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E and selenium (Correct answer)
- Vitamin B12
Correct answer: Vitamin E and selenium
Deficiency of vitamin E and/or selenium causes white muscle disease, a degenerative myopathy affecting cardiac and skeletal muscles in young lambs and kids.
Question 5: What is the primary transmission route of Maedi-Visna virus (ovine progressive pneumonia) in sheep?
- Fecal-oral route
- Arthropod vectors
- Close respiratory contact and colostrum/milk (Correct answer)
- Contaminated water sources
Correct answer: Close respiratory contact and colostrum/milk
Maedi-Visna is a lentivirus transmitted mainly through close respiratory contact and ingestion of infected colostrum or milk from dam to offspring.
Question 6: Which reproductive disorder of ewes results from Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and causes late-term abortions?
- Vibriosis (Campylobacteriosis) (Correct answer)
- Chlamydiosis
- Brucellosis
- Toxoplasmosis
Correct answer: Vibriosis (Campylobacteriosis)
Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus causes ovine vibriosis, an important cause of abortion storms occurring in the last trimester of pregnancy in ewes.
Question 7: A goat herd experiences sudden deaths in does within 24 hours of parturition. Necropsy reveals hemorrhagic abomasitis. Which clostridial disease is most likely?
- Clostridium perfringens type C (Correct answer)
- Clostridium perfringens type D
- Clostridium tetani
- Clostridium novyi type B
Correct answer: Clostridium perfringens type C
Clostridium perfringens type C produces beta toxin causing hemorrhagic enteritis and sudden death, particularly in neonates and periparturient does.
ICVA Small Ruminant Herd Health 2
Which internal parasite is most commonly associated with 'bottle jaw' (submandibular edema) in sheep and goats?