IC3 IC3 Computing Fundamentals and Key Applications 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What does CPU stand for in computer terminology?
- Central Processing Unit (Correct answer)
- Computer Personal Unit
- Central Program Utility
- Core Processing Unit
Correct answer: Central Processing Unit
CPU stands for Central Processing Unit, the primary component that executes instructions in a computer.
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is often called the brain of the computer. It carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output operations. Modern CPUs contain multiple cores, allowing them to process multiple tasks simultaneously.
Question 2: Which type of storage retains data even when the computer is turned off?
- RAM
- Cache memory
- Hard disk drive (HDD) (Correct answer)
- CPU registers
Correct answer: Hard disk drive (HDD)
A hard disk drive (HDD) is non-volatile storage, meaning it retains data without power.
Hard disk drives (HDDs) and SSDs are examples of non-volatile storage — they retain data permanently even without power. RAM (Random Access Memory) and CPU cache are volatile, meaning all data is lost when the computer shuts down. This is why you save files to a hard drive rather than relying on RAM.
Question 3: What is the main difference between an HDD and an SSD?
- HDDs use flash memory; SSDs use magnetic platters
- SSDs have no moving parts and are generally faster than HDDs (Correct answer)
- HDDs are always smaller in capacity than SSDs
- SSDs require more power than HDDs
Correct answer: SSDs have no moving parts and are generally faster than HDDs
SSDs (Solid State Drives) use flash memory and have no moving mechanical parts, making them faster and more durable than HDDs.
HDDs (Hard Disk Drives) store data on spinning magnetic platters and use a read/write head that moves physically — this makes them slower and more fragile. SSDs (Solid State Drives) use NAND flash memory chips with no moving parts, resulting in faster read/write speeds, lower power consumption, and greater shock resistance. SSDs are generally more expensive per gigabyte but offer significant performance advantages.
Question 4: Which of the following is an example of an INPUT device?
- Monitor
- Printer
- Keyboard (Correct answer)
- Speaker
Correct answer: Keyboard
A keyboard is an input device because it allows users to send data into the computer.
Input devices allow users to enter data or commands into a computer. Examples include keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, and webcam. Output devices deliver processed data from the computer to the user — monitors, printers, and speakers are all output devices. Some devices, like touchscreens, serve as both input and output.
Question 5: What does RAM stand for, and what is its primary function?
- Read Access Memory — permanently stores programs
- Random Access Memory — temporarily stores data the CPU is actively using (Correct answer)
- Rapid Application Memory — speeds up internet connections
- Read All Memory — backs up files automatically
Correct answer: Random Access Memory — temporarily stores data the CPU is actively using
RAM (Random Access Memory) is temporary working memory that the CPU uses to store data and programs currently in use.
RAM (Random Access Memory) acts as the computer's short-term working memory. When you open a program or file, it gets loaded from permanent storage (HDD/SSD) into RAM so the CPU can access it quickly. More RAM allows a computer to run more programs simultaneously without slowing down. Because RAM is volatile, all data stored in it is lost when the computer powers off.
Question 6: Which of the following best describes an operating system?
- A type of application software for word processing
- System software that manages hardware and provides services for application programs (Correct answer)
- A hardware component that controls the monitor display
- A network protocol for internet communication
Correct answer: System software that manages hardware and provides services for application programs
An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for programs.
An operating system (OS) is the foundational software that manages all hardware resources and provides an environment for application programs to run. It handles tasks like memory management, file systems, input/output control, and user interfaces. Common desktop OSes include Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, and Linux. Mobile devices use iOS and Android. Without an OS, application software cannot function.
Question 7: What is cloud storage?
- Storage built into a computer's motherboard
- Storing data on remote servers accessed via the internet (Correct answer)
- A type of SSD installed inside a laptop
- Temporary RAM used during software installation
Correct answer: Storing data on remote servers accessed via the internet
Cloud storage saves data on remote servers owned by a provider, accessible from any internet-connected device.
Cloud storage refers to saving data on remote servers maintained by a third-party provider (such as Google Drive, Microsoft OneDrive, Dropbox, or iCloud) and accessing it over the internet. Advantages include accessibility from any device, automatic backups, and easy sharing. Disadvantages include dependency on internet connectivity and potential privacy concerns. Cloud storage contrasts with local storage, where files are saved directly on your device's HDD or SSD.
IC3 IC3 Computing Fundamentals and Key Applications 1
What does CPU stand for in computer terminology?