IC3 - Digital Literacy Information and Media Literacy 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the CRAAP test used for when evaluating online sources?
- Testing internet connection speed
- Evaluating Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose of information (Correct answer)
- Checking for computer viruses
- Rating website design quality
Correct answer: Evaluating Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose of information
The CRAAP test evaluates information quality by examining five criteria: Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose.
The CRAAP test was developed by librarians at California State University. Currency: Is the information up to date? Relevance: Does it relate to your topic? Authority: What are the author's qualifications? Accuracy: Is it supported by evidence? Purpose: Why does this information exist?
Question 2: What is 'confirmation bias' and how does it affect information consumption?
- A technical error in web browsers
- The tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence (Correct answer)
- A feature that confirms email delivery
- A security setting in web browsers
Correct answer: The tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence
Confirmation bias leads people to seek, interpret, and remember information that supports their existing views while dismissing evidence that challenges them.
Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias where people unconsciously favor information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs. In the digital age, this is amplified by filter bubbles and algorithmic recommendations. To counteract it, practice seeking opposing viewpoints and consuming diverse news sources.
Question 3: What is the difference between primary and secondary sources?
- Primary sources are always more accurate
- Primary sources are original firsthand accounts while secondary sources analyze or interpret primary sources (Correct answer)
- Secondary sources are always written by experts
- There is no meaningful difference
Correct answer: Primary sources are original firsthand accounts while secondary sources analyze or interpret primary sources
Primary sources are original, firsthand materials created during the period being studied, while secondary sources analyze, interpret, or summarize primary sources.
Primary sources include original research papers, historical documents, interviews, photographs, and statistical datasets. Secondary sources include textbooks, review articles, biographies, and documentaries. Tertiary sources compile and summarize both types, like encyclopedias.
Question 4: What are filter bubbles in the context of online media?
- Spam filters in email
- Personalized algorithmic filtering that limits exposure to diverse viewpoints (Correct answer)
- Pop-up blockers in browsers
- Privacy settings on social media
Correct answer: Personalized algorithmic filtering that limits exposure to diverse viewpoints
Filter bubbles occur when algorithms personalize content based on user behavior, creating an isolated information environment that reinforces existing views.
Filter bubbles, coined by Eli Pariser, describe how personalization algorithms create individualized information ecosystems. These algorithms analyze your clicks, searches, and likes to deliver content you're likely to engage with, potentially isolating users from diverse perspectives.
Question 5: How can you identify a deepfake video or manipulated image?
- Manipulated media always has a watermark
- Look for visual inconsistencies such as unnatural facial movements, lighting mismatches, or blurred edges (Correct answer)
- All manipulated images are in low resolution
- It is impossible to identify manipulated media
Correct answer: Look for visual inconsistencies such as unnatural facial movements, lighting mismatches, or blurred edges
Deepfakes may show subtle visual artifacts like unnatural eye movements, inconsistent lighting, blurred boundaries, and audio-visual sync issues.
Detection indicators include unnatural facial expressions or blinking patterns, inconsistent lighting, blurred edges around the face, mismatched skin tones, irregular head movements, and audio-visual synchronization issues. Tools include reverse image searching and deepfake detection software.
Question 6: What is media literacy and why is it important in the digital age?
- The ability to read print newspapers
- The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, create, and act using all forms of communication (Correct answer)
- Knowing how to use social media platforms
- The ability to write professional articles
Correct answer: The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, create, and act using all forms of communication
Media literacy is the ability to critically analyze and evaluate media messages across all formats, understanding how media is created, its intended purpose, and its potential effects.
Media literacy encompasses understanding how media messages are constructed, the techniques used to attract attention, the commercial and political purposes behind content, and how media shapes perceptions of reality. Media-literate individuals are better equipped to navigate information overload and resist manipulation.
IC3 - Digital Literacy Information and Media Literacy 2
What is the CRAAP test used for when evaluating online sources?