HSRT - Health Sciences Reasoning Quantitative Reasoning and Numeracy Questions and Answers 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A physician orders an antibiotic at a dose of 20 mg/kg for a child who weighs 44 lbs. The pharmacy supplies an oral suspension with a concentration of 250 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters (mL) should the nurse administer per dose?
- 17.6 mL
- 4.0 mL
- 8.0 mL (Correct answer)
- 8.8 mL
Correct answer: 8.0 mL
First, convert the child's weight from pounds (lbs) to kilograms (kg) by dividing by 2.2 (44 lbs / 2.2 lbs/kg = 20 kg). Next, calculate the total required dose in milligrams (mg) by multiplying the weight in kg by the prescribed dose (20 kg * 20 mg/kg = 400 mg). Finally, use the concentration of the suspension to find the volume in mL. The formula is (Dose Ordered / Dose on Hand) x Quantity = (400 mg / 250 mg) x 5 mL. This simplifies to 1.6 x 5 mL = 8.0 mL.
Question 2: A patient is ordered to receive 1 liter of 0.9% Normal Saline intravenously over 8 hours. The IV administration set has a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL. The nurse must set the manual IV flow rate in drops per minute (gtt/min). What is the correct flow rate?
- 31 gtt/min (Correct answer)
- 125 gtt/min
- 2 gtt/min
- 250 gtt/min
Correct answer: 31 gtt/min
The formula for IV drip rate is: (Total Volume in mL × Drop Factor in gtt/mL) / Time in minutes = Flow Rate in gtt/min. First, convert units: 1 liter = 1000 mL, and 8 hours = 480 minutes (8 × 60). Now, plug the values into the formula: (1000 mL × 15 gtt/mL) / 480 min = 15000 / 480 = 31.25 gtt/min. This is rounded to the nearest whole number, which is 31 gtt/min.
Question 3: A nurse is monitoring a patient's fluid balance over a 24-hour period. The patient's records show the following: Total Intake = 1200 mL IV fluid + 800 mL oral fluids. Total Output = 1500 mL urine + 200 mL emesis + 150 mL wound drainage. What is the patient's net fluid balance in mL?
- −150 mL
- +3850 mL
- −1850 mL
- +150 mL (Correct answer)
Correct answer: +150 mL
To calculate the net fluid balance, subtract the total output from the total intake. First, calculate total intake: 1200 mL + 800 mL = 2000 mL. Next, calculate total output: 1500 mL + 200 mL + 150 mL = 1850 mL. Finally, find the balance: Total Intake - Total Output = 2000 mL - 1850 mL = +150 mL. A positive balance indicates the patient retained more fluid than they lost.
Question 4: In a study monitoring a population of 5,000 people, it was found that 200 individuals already had a diagnosis of Disease X at the start of the year. Over the course of the year, 50 new cases of Disease X were diagnosed. Which of the following represents the incidence rate of Disease X per 1,000 people for that year?
- 10.0 per 1,000
- 10.4 per 1,000 (Correct answer)
- 40.0 per 1,000
- 50.0 per 1,000
Correct answer: 10.4 per 1,000
Incidence rate measures new cases within the population at risk. The population at risk is the total population minus those who already have the disease (5000 - 200 = 4800). The incidence rate is calculated as (New Cases / Population at Risk) and then multiplied by the desired population unit (e.g., 1,000). So, (50 new cases / 4800 people at risk) = 0.0104167. To express this per 1,000 people, multiply by 1,000: 0.0104167 * 1000 ≈ 10.4.
Question 5: A patient is 1.70 meters tall and weighs 85 kilograms. Using the standard Body Mass Index (BMI) formula, into which WHO weight status category does this patient fall?
- Normal weight
- Obesity Class I
- Overweight (Correct answer)
- Underweight
Correct answer: Overweight
The formula for BMI is weight (kg) / [height (m)]². First, square the height: 1.70 m * 1.70 m = 2.89 m². Then, divide the weight by the squared height: 85 kg / 2.89 m² = 29.41. According to WHO classifications, a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 is categorized as overweight.
Question 6: A hospital pharmacist is preparing a 500 mL intravenous bag of a 20% dextrose solution. How many grams of dextrose must be added to the sterile water?
- 100 g (Correct answer)
- 20 g
- 40 g
- 250 g
Correct answer: 100 g
A 20% weight/volume (w/v) solution means there are 20 grams of solute for every 100 mL of solution. To find out how many grams are needed for 500 mL, you can set up a proportion: (20 g / 100 mL) = (X g / 500 mL). Solving for X gives: X = (20 g * 500 mL) / 100 mL = 100 g.
HSRT - Health Sciences Reasoning Quantitative Reasoning and Numeracy Questions and Answers 1
A physician orders an antibiotic at a dose of 20 mg/kg for a child who weighs 44 lbs.
The pharmacy supplies an oral suspension with a concentration of 250 mg/5 mL.
How many milliliters (mL) should the nurse administer per dose?