GMAT Quantitative: Arithmetic and Percentages 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is 30% of 450?
- 100
- 125
- 135 (Correct answer)
- 150
Correct answer: 135
30% of 450 = 0.30 × 450 = 135.
Question 2: A store marks up its goods by 40% and then offers a 25% discount. What is the net change in price?
- 5% decrease
- No change
- 5% increase (Correct answer)
- 15% increase
Correct answer: 5% increase
The net multiplier is 1.40 × 0.75 = 1.05, which represents a 5% increase over the original price.
Question 3: If 3/8 of a number is 45, what is 5/6 of that number?
- 80
- 90
- 100 (Correct answer)
- 120
Correct answer: 100
The number = 45 × (8/3) = 120, and 5/6 × 120 = 100.
Question 4: A number is increased by 20% and then decreased by 20%. What is the net result?
- No change
- 2% decrease
- 4% decrease (Correct answer)
- 4% increase
Correct answer: 4% decrease
The net multiplier is 1.20 × 0.80 = 0.96, which is a 4% decrease from the original.
Question 5: What fraction of 2/5 is 4/15?
- 1/3
- 2/3 (Correct answer)
- 3/4
- 8/15
Correct answer: 2/3
(4/15) ÷ (2/5) = (4/15) × (5/2) = 20/30 = 2/3.
Question 6: The population of a city increased from 240,000 to 300,000. What is the percentage increase?
- 20%
- 25% (Correct answer)
- 30%
- 60%
Correct answer: 25%
Percentage increase = (300,000 − 240,000) / 240,000 × 100 = 25%.
Question 7: If 5 is 4% of x, what is x?
- 20
- 80
- 125 (Correct answer)
- 500
Correct answer: 125
Setting up 5 = 0.04x and solving gives x = 5 / 0.04 = 125.
