General Fundamental Scientific Principles 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which law states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant?
- Law of Universal Gravitation
- Conservation of Momentum (Correct answer)
- Newton's First Law
- Hooke's Law
Correct answer: Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of Momentum states that in the absence of external forces, total momentum of a system stays constant.
Question 2: What does the pH scale measure?
- Temperature of a solution
- Concentration of dissolved salts
- Acidity or alkalinity of a solution (Correct answer)
- Electrical conductivity
Correct answer: Acidity or alkalinity of a solution
The pH scale measures the hydrogen ion concentration, indicating how acidic (below 7) or alkaline (above 7) a solution is.
Question 3: In which process do plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose?
- Cellular respiration
- Photosynthesis (Correct answer)
- Fermentation
- Transpiration
Correct answer: Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen in plant cells.
Question 4: What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
- Ionic bond
- Hydrogen bond
- Covalent bond (Correct answer)
- Metallic bond
Correct answer: Covalent bond
Covalent bonds form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, as in water (H₂O).
Question 5: Which principle states that two objects cannot occupy the same quantum state simultaneously?
- Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
- Pauli Exclusion Principle (Correct answer)
- Aufbau Principle
- Le Chatelier's Principle
Correct answer: Pauli Exclusion Principle
The Pauli Exclusion Principle states no two fermions (like electrons) can have identical quantum numbers in the same atom.
Question 6: What is the SI unit of electric charge?
- Ampere
- Volt
- Coulomb (Correct answer)
- Ohm
Correct answer: Coulomb
The coulomb (C) is the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the charge transported by a current of one ampere in one second.
Question 7: Which type of radiation has the greatest penetrating power?
- Alpha particles
- Beta particles
- Gamma rays (Correct answer)
- Infrared radiation
Correct answer: Gamma rays
Gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves that can penetrate most materials and require dense shielding like lead.
General Fundamental Scientific Principles 2
Which law states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant?