FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING Traversing and Coordinate Geometry 1 ā Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which traverse adjustment method distributes closure errors in proportion to the length of each side?
- Bowditch (Compass) Rule (Correct answer)
- Transit Rule
- Least Squares
- Crandall Method
Correct answer: Bowditch (Compass) Rule
The Bowditch (Compass) Rule distributes latitude and departure errors proportionally to the length of each traverse course.
Question 2: In the Transit Rule for traverse adjustment, corrections are distributed proportionally to:
- The length of each side
- The latitude and departure of each side (Correct answer)
- The bearing of each side
- The angle at each station
Correct answer: The latitude and departure of each side
The Transit Rule distributes latitude errors proportional to each side's latitude and departure errors proportional to each side's departure.
Question 3: What coordinate system uses Northing and Easting values referenced to a defined origin?
- Geographic coordinates
- Cartesian (rectangular) coordinates (Correct answer)
- Polar coordinates
- Spherical coordinates
Correct answer: Cartesian (rectangular) coordinates
Cartesian (rectangular) coordinate systems express positions as Northing (Y) and Easting (X) measured from a defined origin.
Question 4: To compute the area of a traverse using the coordinate method, which formula is used?
- Hero's formula
- DMD (Double Meridian Distance) method or coordinate cross-multiply method (Correct answer)
- Trapezoidal rule
- Simpson's rule
Correct answer: DMD (Double Meridian Distance) method or coordinate cross-multiply method
The DMD method or coordinate method (cross-multiply formula) is used to compute the area enclosed by a traverse.
Question 5: A closed traverse has latitudes summing to +0.08 ft and departures summing to ā0.06 ft. What correction is applied to each latitude?
- The latitude correction for each course is proportional to the course's latitude in the Bowditch adjustment (Correct answer)
- Each latitude gets ā0.08 ft
- Each departure gets +0.06 ft
- Corrections are applied only to the longest side
Correct answer: The latitude correction for each course is proportional to the course's latitude in the Bowditch adjustment
In the Bowditch rule, each course's latitude correction = (course length / total perimeter) Ć total latitude error.
Question 6: What is the 'angle condition' in a closed traverse?
- All interior angles must be equal
- The sum of interior angles must equal (nā2)Ć180Ā° (Correct answer)
- Each angle must be less than 180Ā°
- The sum of all angles must equal 360Ā°
Correct answer: The sum of interior angles must equal (nā2)Ć180Ā°
For a closed polygon traverse, the geometric condition requires the sum of interior angles = (nā2)Ć180Ā°.
FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING Traversing and Coordinate Geometry 1
Which traverse adjustment method distributes closure errors in proportion to the length of each side?