Free VTNE General Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to Drug Enforcement Administration rules, pentobarbital, fentanyl, and hydromorphone fall under which of the following categories of banned substances?
- Schedule IV
- Schedule III
- Schedule II (Correct answer)
- Schedule I
Correct answer: Schedule II
Morphine and other narcotics on Schedule II, such as hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, oxycodone, and fentanyl, have a high potential for abuse and may cause severe psychological or physical dependence. In addition to stimulants, cocaine, amobarbital, glutethimide, and pentobarbital are all classified as schedule II controlled substances.
Question 2: A reverse distributor is what?
- A Drug Enforcement Administration registrant authorized to receive unusable or unwanted controlled substances (Correct answer)
- A Drug Enforcement Administration registered pharmacist who is authorized to sell items from their inventory to practitioners
- A supplier who resells returned merchandise
- A supplier who resells returned pharmacy merchandise only
Correct answer: A Drug Enforcement Administration registrant authorized to receive unusable or unwanted controlled substances
Practitioners get rid of outdated, harmed, useless, and undesired controlled substances by giving them to a reverse distributor, a registered drug dealer with the Drug Enforcement Administration who is allowed to accept them. A list of authorized reverse distributors is provided by regional DEA field offices. For a period of two years, copies of the records attesting to the transfer and disposal must be kept.
Question 3: Which one of the following effectively disinfects surfaces?
- 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite (Correct answer)
- 1:5 dilution of 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite
- 1.6% solution of sodium hypochlorite
- 1:32 dilution of 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite
Correct answer: 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite
Cleaning the surface thoroughly is a prerequisite for effective surface disinfection. The surface disinfectant should also sufficiently cover the surface and remain in touch with it for an appropriate amount of time. Bleach's active ingredient, sodium hypochlorite, offers the best disinfection at 0.16% solution concentration. A 5.25% solution is diluted to a 1:32 dilution to get a 0.16% solution. Parvovirus, along with other bacteria and viruses, can be effectively treated with diluted sodium hypochlorite or bleach solutions.
Question 4: Which statement regarding recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) is FALSE?
- rh-EPO should be given to dogs and cats three times weekly until the target PCV is reached.
- The maximum dose of rh-EPO that should be given to a dog or cat is 100 U/kg. (Correct answer)
- rh-EPO is indicated in canine and feline patients with renal disease and a PCV of 25% or less.
- There is a high incidence of antibody formation to rh-EPO in dogs and cats.
Correct answer: The maximum dose of rh-EPO that should be given to a dog or cat is 100 U/kg.
rh-EPO is a treatment for anemia in both humans and animals with chronic renal failure. It is prescribed at doses of 50-100 U/kg 3 times per week subcutaneously until the goal PCV is reached and is appropriate when the PCV declines to 25% or below. To track progress, patient PCV should be measured twice a week. Rh-EPO may be administered twice weekly once the target PCV is attained. A larger dose of rh-EPO may be administered to non-responsive patients. The dose can be raised in increments of 25–50 U/kg. Although there is no known maximum dose, weekly doses of up to 1050 U/kg have been documented. Reticulocytosis and a daily PCV rise of 0.5%–1.0% are present in responsive patients. In both dogs and cats, the occurrence of antibody production is very common.
Question 5: Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe strangles?
- An autoimmune disease of dogs causing a skin disorder
- A bacterial disease of horses that can be prevented with vaccination
- In dogs, it is also known as distemper (Correct answer)
- A contagious disease of horses caused by Streptococcus equi var equi
Correct answer: In dogs, it is also known as distemper
Streptococcus equi var equi can be transmitted directly or indirectly and causes an inflammatory response that results in fever, dysphagia, anorexia, stridor, nasal discharge, and lymphadenopathy, though associated symptoms are not always present. Vaccines are available and advised where strangles is endemic or when horses are expected to be at high risk. Puppy strangles, also known as juvenile cellulitis, sterile granulomatous dermatitis, and lymphadenitis, is a rare immune system disorder that affects pups between the ages of 3 weeks and 4 months. The face swells noticeably. The disease requires high doses of corticosteroids to be treated. The illness does not return after it has been treated. Canine distemper is not bacterial; it is viral.
Question 6: Which of the following statements about endotoxins is FALSE?
- Glucocorticoids are used to treat endotoxic shock.
- Antibiotics are used to treat endotoxic shock. (Correct answer)
- Endotoxin is a component of the external cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
- Endotoxin causes the release of cytokines, vasoactive amines, and proteases.
Correct answer: Antibiotics are used to treat endotoxic shock.
A lipopolysaccharide called endotoxin is a part of the gram-negative bacteria's outer cell wall. It is expelled from the bacteria during cell lysis and death as well as bacterial development. Endotoxin produces and releases biochemical mediators when it binds receptors on host endothelium cells, macrophages, monocytes, or polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These mediators include proteases, toxic oxygen radicals, platelet activation factor, nitric oxide, cytokines, eicosanoids, and vasoactive amines. Initiating physiologic processes that lead to endotoxic shock with cardiopulmonary dysfunction, loss of microvascular integrity, and multiple organ failure, these mediators' release. Because they are known to decrease cytokine production, stop the inflammatory cascade, and inhibit nitrous oxide, glucocorticoids are used to treat endotoxic shock. Endotoxic shock is treated with lazaroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, pentoxifylline, and nitrous oxide inhibitors but not with antibiotics.
Question 7: Which of the following is NOT a clause in the code of ethics for veterinary technicians?
- “Veterinary technicians shall assume accountability for their professional actions as well as those with whom they work.” (Correct answer)
- “Veterinary technicians shall represent their credentials or identify themselves with specialty organizations only if the designation has been awarded or earned.”
- “Veterinary technicians shall remain competent through commitment to life-long learning.”
- “Veterinary technicians shall safeguard the public and the profession against individuals deficient in professional competence or ethics.”
Correct answer: “Veterinary technicians shall assume accountability for their professional actions as well as those with whom they work.”
The obligations, ethical responsibilities, and ideals of veterinary technicians are covered in full in the NAVTA Veterinary Technician Code of Ethics. The NAVTA Ethics Committee created the eleven statements that make up the Code of Ethics. Correctly translated, the sentence says, "Veterinary technicians shall assume accountability for individual professional actions and judgments."
Free VTNE General Questions and Answers
According to Drug Enforcement Administration rules, pentobarbital, fentanyl, and hydromorphone fall under which of the following categories of banned substances?