Free Ultimate PANRE Question and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is regarded as the initial course of treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- Nitrates
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- Beta-blockers (Correct answer)
- Inotropes
Correct answer: Beta-blockers
Beta-blockers are considered the initial course of treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). They work by reducing heart rate, increasing diastolic filling time, and decreasing myocardial contractility. This helps to reduce the dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and alleviate symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and syncope, thereby improving the patient's quality of life.
Question 2: Which medication has the strongest evidence connecting it to aplastic anemia?
- Gentamicin
- Cyclobenzaprine
- Carbamazepine (Correct answer)
- Phenylephrine
Correct answer: Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant medication, has the strongest evidence connecting it to aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is a rare but severe condition where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells. Due to this potential adverse effect, patients on carbamazepine require regular monitoring of their complete blood count (CBC) to detect early signs of bone marrow suppression.
Question 3: Which of the following does NOT indicate that you have Cushing syndrome?
- Decreased hair growth (Correct answer)
- Thin skin with striae
- "Moon face"
- Central obesity
Correct answer: Decreased hair growth
Decreased hair growth is NOT a characteristic symptom of Cushing syndrome. Cushing syndrome, caused by prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels, typically presents with symptoms such as central obesity, 'moon face,' thin skin with striae, and often hirsutism (increased hair growth), especially in women. Increased hair growth, not decreased, is a common dermatological manifestation.
Question 4: Which of the following methods of transmission of hepatitis C is most frequent?
- Feces
- Breastfeeding
- Sex
- Blood (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Blood
The most frequent method of transmission for hepatitis C is through blood-to-blood contact. This primarily occurs through sharing contaminated needles for injection drug use, but also historically through blood transfusions before widespread screening. While sexual transmission is possible, it is much less efficient than blood-borne routes, and fecal-oral transmission is not a route for Hepatitis C.
Question 5: Which of the following diuretics inhibits chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henie while treating hypertension?
- Triamterene
- Acetazolamide
- Furosemide (Correct answer)
- Spironolactone
Correct answer: Furosemide
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that primarily acts on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. It inhibits the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter, which is responsible for reabsorbing chloride, sodium, and potassium ions. By blocking this transporter, furosemide prevents chloride reabsorption, leading to increased excretion of these electrolytes and water, making it effective in treating hypertension and edema.
Question 6: Which of the following people at average risk, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), needs to get a Pap smear right away?
- 28-year-old who had a normal Pap smear 1 year ago
- 60-year-old who had a normal Pap smear 5 years ago (Correct answer)
- 66-year-old who left last 3 Pap smears in 10 years have been normal
- 18-year-old who has been sexually active for the past year
Correct answer: 60-year-old who had a normal Pap smear 5 years ago
According to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines, a 60-year-old who had a normal Pap smear 5 years ago needs to get a Pap smear right away. ACOG recommends routine Pap smear screening every 3 years for women aged 21-65. Since 5 years have passed, this patient is overdue for her screening, whereas the other options either fall within recommended intervals or are outside the typical screening age range for immediate action.
Question 7: Which of the following ailments needs care the most right away?
- Entropion
- Peritonsillar abscess (Correct answer)
- Aphthous ulcer
- Chalazion
Correct answer: Peritonsillar abscess
A peritonsillar abscess is an ailment that needs the most immediate care due to its potential for serious complications. This infection behind the tonsil can lead to airway obstruction, spread of infection to surrounding tissues, and sepsis if not promptly treated. It typically requires urgent incision and drainage, along with antibiotic therapy, to prevent life-threatening consequences.
Free Ultimate PANRE Question and Answers
What is regarded as the initial course of treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?