Free SLP Foundations and Professional Practice Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What are school-wide positive behavioral support programs MOST characterized by?
- Intensive behavioral intervention at the lowest tiers
- A stringent behavior modification system at all tiers
- A greater emphasis on prevention than intervention (Correct answer)
- Giving positive reinforcement but never punishment
Correct answer: A greater emphasis on prevention than intervention
Explanation: <br> Positive behavioral support programs emphasize prevention by giving all students positive reinforcement and other supports for desired behaviors. These are found to avert many behavior problems at the lower tiers, thus (A) is incorrect. Educators introduce intervention as needed in the middle tiers) and provide progressively more intensive intervention to the highest tier, thus (B) is incorrect. It is not true that such programs eschew punishment (D): This and other aversive consequences for undesirable behaviors may be introduced as well as using positive reinforcement for desirable behaviors.
Question 2: Who described the Acquisition-Learning, Monitor, Natural Order, Input, and Affective Filter hypotheses?
- Swain
- Cummins
- Gregory
- Krashen (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Krashen
Explanation: <br> Krashen. Acquisition-Learning, Monitor, Natural Order, Input, and Affective Filter hypotheses are central to Steven Krashen's highly respected theory of second language acquisition. Language Acquisition is subconscious and requires meaningful communication, while Language Learning is conscious and involves formal instruction; the Monitor is concerned with editing and correcting errors in speaking or writing; Natural Order finds there is a predictable natural order in which grammatical structures are absorbed; Input refers to the hypothesis that language is ultimately acquired and not learned, and the Affective Filter hypothesis explores ways in which positive and negative factors such as motivation, self-esteem, and anxiety help or hurt the acquisition of language.
Question 3: Which of the following speech-language pathologists is/was NOT a specialist in the field of stuttering?
- George H. Shames
- Charles G. Van Riper
- Martin F. Schwartz
- Daniel R. Boone (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Daniel R. Boone
Explanation: <br> Daniel R. Boone (d) of the University of Arizona specializes in voice disorders and voice therapy, not stuttering. George H. Shames (a), professor emeritus of the University of Pittsburgh, was director of the university's speech clinic for 40 years and a licensed clinical psychologist, who specialized in stuttering. He developed ""Stutter-Free Speech"" and invented three biofeedback devices for stuttering. Shames was influenced by Charles G. Van Riper (b), a lifelong severe stutterer himself, who founded the speech clinic at Western Michigan State Normal School in Kalamazoo and was the first chair of the school's speech pathology and audiology department. Martin F. Schwartz (c) from NYU Medical Center was a researcher in cleft lip and cleft palate surgery who stumbled on neck constriction in stutterers in 1974. Schwartz had been using ultrasound imaging on stutterers and found they had laryngeal spasms, ultimately discovering that the physical origin of stuttering was a reflexive locking of the vocal cords. He then created the passive-inhalation airflow technique of stuttering therapy. He directs the National Center for Stuttering.
Question 4: To help educators and other professionals work with the families of children with disabilities, researchers have proposed aspects of family systems and dynamics to consider. For example, one is the way family members interact on a daily basis. Which is not another one of these aspects?
- What resources are available to a given family
- The nature and severity of the child's disability (Correct answer)
- The various individual needs of family members
- Changes over time that affect family members
Correct answer: The nature and severity of the child's disability
Explanation: <br> The nature and severity of the child's disability (b) is certainly a factor that must be considered, but it is not itself an aspect of family systems or family dynamics. Aspects of family systems and dynamics that professionals should consider to work more effectively with families of children with disabilities include (a) what resources an individual family has at its disposal, (c) the different individual needs of various members of each family, and (d) changes that occur over time and have impacts on the members of the family.
Question 5: A speech-language pathologist will receive compensation for utilizing a specific brand of thickener in her private practice. Which ethical dilemma is present in this scenario?
- Negligence
- Conflict of interest (Correct answer)
- Fraud
- Misrepresentation
Correct answer: Conflict of interest
Explanation: <br> Conflict of interest is defined as interference of professional practice due to personal gain.
Question 6: Public law 99-457 encompasses:
- Providing reimbursement for no more than 30 days in the hospital.
- Training family members to support the development of a child. (Correct answer)
- Supporting children ages 3 to 21.
- Providing eligibility for special education for children in middle school.
Correct answer: Training family members to support the development of a child.
Explanation: <br> Public law 99-457 implemented Individualized Family Service Plans (IFSP) to increase family member participation in a child’s intervention plan.
Question 7: Which of the following lists the steps of the evidence-based practice process in the correct order?
- Make clinical decision → Generate clinical question → Evaluate evidence → Locate evidence
- Generate clinical question → Locate evidence → Make clinical decision → Evaluate evidence
- Generate clinical question → Locate evidence → Evaluate evidence → Make clinical decision (Correct answer)
- Locate evidence → Generate clinical question → Evaluate evidence → Make clinical decision
Correct answer: Generate clinical question → Locate evidence → Evaluate evidence → Make clinical decision
Explanation: <br> A question must be generated to know what evidence to look for and what information to assess within the evidence. After evaluation of the evidence, a clinical decision can be made.
Question 8: Which of the following is true regarding core words used in augmentative and alternative (AAC) devices?
- AAC devices contain only core words.
- Core words are a list of developmental words.
- Core words are the most important words for users to learn.
- Core words are a small number of words that make up the majority of conversation. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Core words are a small number of words that make up the majority of conversation.
Explanation: <br> Core words can be used across many different contexts, and settings, and hold a variety of different meanings.
Question 9: A speech-language pathologist is treating a patient with hearing loss. Which of the following should the clinician always do before beginning every session?
- Equipment check (Correct answer)
- Ling-9 sound test
- Invite the patient’s siblings into the room to provide peer models
- Turn on the iPad to create a visual distraction to improve generalization
Correct answer: Equipment check
Explanation: <br> An equipment check is crucial to having an effective session. The clinician might think the patient is not attending to sound when in reality, the patient’s hearing aids might have an old battery.
Question 10: The study of sentence structure and word order is called:
- Syntax (Correct answer)
- Semantics
- Pragmatics
- Morphology
Correct answer: Syntax
Explanation: <br> Sentence structure and word order and/or their study are called syntax (a). Semantics (b) refers to the study of meaning in language. Pragmatics (c) refers to the study of how context contributes to meaning. Morphology (d) refers to the study of the structure of words.
Question 11: What is true about pre-production activities that teachers can use to encourage English-language speech by ELL students?
- Narrating students' actions will simply make them self-conscious.
- The activities that teachers use should involve hands-on learning. (Correct answer)
- It is more important that activities use speech than have meaning.
- Language functions are irrelevant if students complete the lesson.
Correct answer: The activities that teachers use should involve hands-on learning.
Explanation: <br> Experts find that narrating ELL students' actions, i.e., linguistic encoding, helps encourage them to speak English (A), that teachers should assign activities that include hands-on learning (B), and that the activities they assign should be meaningful (C). They also find that teachers should focus on which language functions the students must apply to complete a lesson, not just that they complete it (D).
Free SLP Foundations and Professional Practice Questions and Answers
What are school-wide positive behavioral support programs MOST characterized by?