Free Master of Occupational Therapy Kinesiology Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What trunk joint motion is involved in picking up a pencil from the floor next to your chair?
- Torsional
- Concave
- Ipsilateral
- Lateral Bending (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Lateral Bending
Picking up a pencil from the floor next to your chair typically involves bending the trunk sideways towards the object. This movement is specifically known as lateral bending or lateral flexion of the trunk. It occurs in the frontal plane, allowing the body to reach to one side.
Question 2: When the teeth are clenched or when the mouth is slightly open, is the TMJ (jaw) in the close-packed position?
- The smaller push rim will travel a greater distance with a single push although it will require greater force. (demonstrates the concept of the wheel & axle)
- When the teeth are clenched (Correct answer)
- A. Compact. B. Because it's less porous (more dense).
- Diaphysis
Correct answer: When the teeth are clenched
The close-packed position of a joint is where the joint surfaces are maximally congruent and the ligaments are most taut, providing maximum stability. For the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), this occurs when the teeth are clenched, as the condyle is fully seated in the mandibular fossa and the articular disc is compressed.
Question 3: What position is one in when they are lying on a bed and gazing up at the ceiling?
- Glide (slide)
- Supine (Correct answer)
- A joint that allows very little or no motion is referred to as a fibrous joint. 3 Types of Fibrous joints= A.)Synarthrosis B.)Syndesmosis C.) Gomphosis
- The BOS of a wheelchair during a "wheelie" is very narrow. To maintain balance the person must keep the body's COG w/in that BOS. The BOS is very wide when the wheelchair is resting on all 4 wheels & it's easy to keep the body's COG within it.
Correct answer: Supine
The supine position describes a person lying on their back, with their face and torso facing upwards. Therefore, when someone is lying on a bed and gazing up at the ceiling, they are in the supine position. This is a standard anatomical term for body orientation.
Question 4: Flex the shoulder from an extended posture and check to see if the humerus is moving on the scapula or the other way around.
- Humerus is moving on the scapula (Correct answer)
- Proximal is convex
- Yes
- A.) Shoulder joint B.) yes C.)Hip joint
Correct answer: Humerus is moving on the scapula
During shoulder flexion, particularly from an extended posture, the primary movement involves the head of the humerus moving within the glenoid fossa of the scapula. While the scapula also contributes to the movement through scapulohumeral rhythm, the direct action of lifting the arm involves the humerus articulating on the scapula.
Question 5: Which is heavier, cancellous bone or compact bone? Then why?
- Anterior/ventral
- CMCJ of Thumb
- Traction (distraction)
- A. Compact. B. Because it's less porous (more dense). (Correct answer)
Correct answer: A. Compact. B. Because it's less porous (more dense).
Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, is denser and less porous than cancellous (spongy) bone. Its tightly packed structure makes it heavier and stronger, providing rigidity and resistance to bending. Cancellous bone, with its trabecular network, is lighter due to its porous nature, offering strength without excessive weight.
Question 6: Where is hyaline cartilage found?
- Endosteum
- A. Curvilinear for the football. B. Angular for the kicker.
- Hyaline cartilage is located at the bone ends of synovial joints & provides a smooth articulating surface. (Correct answer)
- Proximal (superior also)
Correct answer: Hyaline cartilage is located at the bone ends of synovial joints & provides a smooth articulating surface.
Hyaline cartilage is a type of connective tissue found covering the ends of bones within synovial joints, where it is called articular cartilage. Its main function is to provide a smooth, low-friction surface that allows bones to glide easily past each other during movement. It also helps to absorb shock and distribute loads across the joint.
Question 7: In an extended position, flex the shoulder and check to see if the scapula's glenoid fossa has a concave or convex joint surface.
- Concave (Correct answer)
- Endosteum
- Convex
- Crest, Epicondyle, Line, Spine,Trochanter, Tuberosity, Tubercle
Correct answer: Concave
The glenoid fossa of the scapula is characterized by its shallow, concave articular surface. This concavity articulates with the convex head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint. This shape allows for a wide range of motion while providing a socket for the humeral head.
Question 8: What kind of force is exerted to the front section of the vertebra when a person squats down to touch the ground in the sagittal plane?
- Compression (Correct answer)
- Appendicular
- A. Angular motion by the person to turn the wheels on the wheelchair. B. Linear when the person is crossing the room in the wheelchair.
- The smaller push rim will travel a greater distance with a single push although it will require greater force. (demonstrates the concept of the wheel & axle)
Correct answer: Compression
When a person squats down to touch the ground, the trunk flexes forward in the sagittal plane. This forward flexion places a significant compressive force on the anterior (front) aspects of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. The posterior elements of the spine, conversely, experience distraction.
Question 9: Make pencil marks on 25 cents at 6:00 and 12:00. Flatten the $5 bill out. Which arthorkinematic motion will you need to make in order to reach the end of the flat 5 by 12:00 if you roll the 25 across it starting from the 6:00 position with the edge of the 25?
- Concave
- Osteokinematic
- Glide (slide) (Correct answer)
- The BOS of a wheelchair during a "wheelie" is very narrow. To maintain balance the person must keep the body's COG w/in that BOS. The BOS is very wide when the wheelchair is resting on all 4 wheels & it's easy to keep the body's COG within it.
Correct answer: Glide (slide)
The scenario describes rolling a coin across a flat surface. For the 12:00 mark on the coin to reach the end of the bill while the coin is rolling, the coin must simultaneously rotate and translate across the surface. The translation component, where the contact point on the coin moves across the bill, is an example of a glide or slide arthrokinematic motion.
Question 10: Thumb CMCJ
- What is the purpose of a sesamoid bone?
- What type of joint structure pads & protects areas of great friction?
- The femur is _____ to the tibia.
- Diarthrodial, synovial, biaxial, & saddle are all terms that could be used to describe which joint? (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Diarthrodial, synovial, biaxial, & saddle are all terms that could be used to describe which joint?
The carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb is a classic example of a saddle joint. Saddle joints are diarthrodial (freely movable) and synovial, characterized by two reciprocal concave-convex surfaces. This unique structure allows for biaxial movement, including flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and opposition/reposition, contributing to the thumb's dexterity.
Question 11: Long bones have cancellous bone in the metaphysis and epiphysis but compact bone in the diaphysis. (Also discovered between compact bone's layers)
- Give one example of compact bone & one of cancellous bone. (Correct answer)
- When cracking an almond with a nutcracker, will the almond be easier to crack if it is closer to the axis or closer to the end of the handles? Why?
- What are 3 types of joints that allow little or no motion?
- When touching the left shoulder with the left hand, is a person using the contra- or ipsi-lateral hand?
Correct answer: Give one example of compact bone & one of cancellous bone.
The prompt describes the anatomical distribution of compact and cancellous bone within a long bone: compact bone in the diaphysis and cancellous bone in the metaphysis and epiphysis. The correct answer, 'Give one example of compact bone & one of cancellous bone,' is a logical follow-up question that directly relates to the provided statement, testing the understanding of these bone types.
Question 12: Joint Capsule
- Identify the 11 degrees of freedom of the upper extremity:
- Name the bone markings that can be classified as projections or processes that fit into joints:
- What joint structure surrounds & encases the joint & protects the articular surfaces? (Correct answer)
- Place a pencil mark on 25¢ at the 6:00 & 12:00 positions. Lay the 5¢ piece flat. Roll the 25¢ across the flat 5¢ w/the edge of the 25¢ starting @ the 6:00 position: will it reach the end of the 5¢ before reaching 12:00?
Correct answer: What joint structure surrounds & encases the joint & protects the articular surfaces?
The term 'Joint Capsule' refers to a fibrous connective tissue structure that completely encloses a synovial joint, forming a sealed cavity. The correct answer, 'What joint structure surrounds & encases the joint & protects the articular surfaces?', accurately defines the function and location of a joint capsule. It highlights its role in providing stability, containing synovial fluid, and protecting internal joint structures.
Question 13: Laterally, but a little lower to the greater side of the angle
- Is the humerus part of the axial or appendicular skeleton?
- What is the resultant force of the sternal & clavicular portions of the pectoralis major? ( > shape) (Correct answer)
- A person bends down to touch the floor in the sagittal plane: What type of force is applied to the posterior part of the vertebra?
- Flex the shoulder from an extended position:Is the humerus moving on the scapula, or is the scapula moving on the humerus?
Correct answer: What is the resultant force of the sternal & clavicular portions of the pectoralis major? ( > shape)
The pectoralis major has two main heads: clavicular and sternal. When these portions contract, their individual lines of pull combine to create a resultant force. This resultant force is typically described as acting laterally and slightly inferiorly, or 'a little lower to the greater side of the angle,' reflecting the combined vector of the muscle fibers.
Question 14: Lateral (external)
- Putting your right ankle on your left knee involves what type of hip rotation? (Correct answer)
- In terms of BOS, why is it more difficult for a person in a wheelchair to balance on only the back wheels ("wheelie's") rather than on all 4 wheels?
- Sitting in a chair, a man turns around to look behind him. What type of force is being applied to the vertebral column?
- When a football is kicked through the goalposts, what type of motion is being demonstrated by A.) the football____? B.) by the kicker_____?
Correct answer: Putting your right ankle on your left knee involves what type of hip rotation?
Placing your right ankle on your left knee requires the right hip to move into a position of abduction and external (lateral) rotation. This specific movement pattern is a common way to assess or describe hip external rotation. The other options do not directly elicit or describe a 'lateral (external)' movement in the same context.
Question 15: Concave
- Place a pencil mark on 25¢ at the 6:00 & 12:00 positions. Lay the 5¢ piece flat. Roll the 25¢ across the flat 5¢ w/the edge of the 25¢ starting @ the 6:00 position: which arthorkinematic motion will you need to reach the end of the 5¢ at 12:00?
- Diarthrodial, synovial, biaxial, & saddle are all terms that could be used to describe which joint?
- With 2 Pringles at opposite angles (Fig 13-2): Is the A/P shape of the top surface of the bottom chip concave or convex? (Correct answer)
- Diarthroidal, synovial, triaxial, & ball-&-socket are all terms to describe which joint in the upper extremities? B.) Could these same terms apply to a joint in the lower extremity? C.) What joint would this be?
Correct answer: With 2 Pringles at opposite angles (Fig 13-2): Is the A/P shape of the top surface of the bottom chip concave or convex?
Pringles chips are designed with a saddle shape, meaning they are concave in one direction (e.g., anterior-posterior) and convex in the perpendicular direction (e.g., medial-lateral). When two Pringles are placed at opposite angles, the top surface of the bottom chip, viewed from anterior to posterior, would present a concave shape. This question tests understanding of anatomical shapes and how they are described.
Question 16: Traction (distraction)
- In children, does long bone growth occur at a traction epiphysis or at a pressure epiphysis?
- Identify the accessory motion force(s) occurring in the following activities: Transferring from a wheelchair to the car using a sliding board
- A.) If you place your hand on the back of a dog, that is referred to as what surface? B.) If you place your hand on the back of a person, that is referred to as what surface?
- Identify the accessory motion force(s) occurring in the following activities: Swinging a child around by her arms (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Identify the accessory motion force(s) occurring in the following activities: Swinging a child around by her arms
Swinging a child by their arms involves pulling on the child's upper extremities. This pulling force creates a separation of joint surfaces, which is known as traction or distraction. This accessory motion is a key component of joint mobilization and can be a mechanism for injury if excessive.
Free Master of Occupational Therapy Kinesiology Questions and Answers
What trunk joint motion is involved in picking up a pencil from the floor next to your chair?