Free MACE Pharmacology Question And Answers — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Which of these medication classes is related with the side effects of hyperkalemia and persistent dry cough?

PDE5 inhibitors
Nitrates
Loop diuretics
ACE inhibitors (Correct answer)

Correct answer: ACE inhibitors

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a class of medications used to treat conditions like hypertension and heart failure. Two common side effects associated with ACE inhibitors are a persistent, dry cough, caused by the accumulation of bradykinin, and hyperkalemia, which is an elevated potassium level due to their effect on renal potassium excretion.

Question 2: Which of these medications is a good choice for gonorrhea patients?

Cefazolin
Cefpodoxime
Cefdinir
Ceftriaxone (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Ceftriaxone

Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic and is the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea. It is highly effective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium responsible for the infection. Often, it is administered as a single intramuscular dose, sometimes in combination with azithromycin, to ensure comprehensive coverage and combat potential resistance.

Question 3: Which of these vitamins is deficient in pernicious anemia?

Vitamin B9
Vitamin B12 (Correct answer)
Vitamin D
Vitamin C

Correct answer: Vitamin B12

Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition characterized by a deficiency in Vitamin B12 (cobalamin). This deficiency occurs because the body fails to produce intrinsic factor, a protein essential for the absorption of Vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Without adequate Vitamin B12, the body cannot properly produce healthy red blood cells, leading to anemia and potential neurological issues.

Question 4: In what condition of drug toxicity do levels of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine increase?

Codeine
Diazepam
Acetazolamide
Acetaminophen (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) toxicity is primarily caused by the accumulation of a highly reactive and toxic metabolite called N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Normally, NAPQI is detoxified by glutathione, but in overdose situations, glutathione stores become depleted. This leads to NAPQI binding to liver cell proteins, causing widespread hepatocellular necrosis and severe liver damage.

Question 5: Which medication functions as a proteasome inhibitor?

Filgrastim
Infliximab
Nilotinib
Bortezomib (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Bortezomib

Bortezomib is an antineoplastic agent that functions as a proteasome inhibitor. It specifically targets and reversibly inhibits the 26S proteasome, a multi-protein complex responsible for degrading ubiquitinated proteins within cells. By inhibiting the proteasome, bortezomib disrupts protein homeostasis, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins and ultimately inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, particularly in multiple myeloma.

Question 6: Which of the following antihypertensive drugs is not considered safe during pregnancy?

Nifedipine
Methyldopa
Ramipril (Correct answer)
Labetalol

Correct answer: Ramipril

Ramipril, an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is contraindicated during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters. ACE inhibitors can cause severe fetal renal dysfunction, leading to oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid), fetal growth restriction, and even fetal death. Therefore, alternative antihypertensive medications are used to manage high blood pressure in pregnant patients.

Question 7: For those who suffer from familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), which medication is the most successful course of treatment?

Methotrexate
Colchicine (Correct answer)
Azathioprine
Siponimod

Correct answer: Colchicine

Colchicine is the most successful and cornerstone treatment for Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). FMF is an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation. Colchicine works by inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis and activation, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of inflammatory attacks and preventing the long-term complication of amyloidosis.

Question 8: Which medication uses mesna to lower the risk of hemorrhagic cystitis?

Busulfan
Cyclophosphamide (Correct answer)
Heparin
Warfarin

Correct answer: Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating chemotherapy agent known to cause hemorrhagic cystitis as a significant side effect. This bladder inflammation and bleeding are due to the accumulation of its toxic metabolite, acrolein, in the urine. Mesna (2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium) is co-administered with cyclophosphamide to bind and detoxify acrolein in the bladder, thereby preventing this painful and potentially severe complication.

Question 9: Which of the following medications does pyridoxine effectively counteract?

Benzodiazepines
Isoniazid (Correct answer)
Methotrexate
Anticholinergics

Correct answer: Isoniazid

Isoniazid, an antitubercular drug, can cause peripheral neuropathy by interfering with the metabolism of pyridoxine (Vitamin B6). This interference can lead to a functional pyridoxine deficiency. Administering pyridoxine concurrently with isoniazid effectively counteracts this side effect, preventing or mitigating the development of neurological symptoms.

Question 10: Which class of antiarrhythmic medications, according to the Vaughan-Williams classification, functions as a potassium-channel blocker?

Class IV
Class III (Correct answer)
Class II
Class I

Correct answer: Class III

According to the Vaughan-Williams classification, Class III antiarrhythmic medications primarily function as potassium-channel blockers. By blocking these channels, they prolong the action potential duration and the effective refractory period in cardiac cells. This action helps to stabilize heart rhythm by preventing re-entrant arrhythmias and is characteristic of drugs like amiodarone and sotalol.

Question 11: Which drug is linked to cinchonism, a syndrome characterized by side effects?

Amphotericin B
Digoxin
Quinine (Correct answer)
Lithium

Correct answer: Quinine

Quinine is a drug historically used for malaria and sometimes for nocturnal leg cramps, which is strongly linked to the syndrome known as cinchonism. Cinchonism is a constellation of adverse effects that can occur with quinine toxicity. Symptoms typically include tinnitus (ringing in the ears), headache, nausea, blurred vision, and dizziness.

Free MACE Pharmacology Question And Answers

Which of these medication classes is related with the side effects of hyperkalemia and persistent dry cough?