Free INBDE Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In which of the following transport processes do solid materials enter the cell in membrane-bound vesicles?
- Passive transport
- Osmosis
- Pinocytosis
- Phagocytosis (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Phagocytosis
In active transport, materials enter the cell in membrane-bound vesicles that are formed by the membrane.<br> This process is generally known as endocytosis and is of two types. Endocytosis of solid material and liquid materials is called phagocytosis and pinocytosis respectively.
Question 2: The disorder referred to as macrocytic anemia is caused by a deficiency in which of the following vitamins?
- ascorbate
- biotin
- folate (Correct answer)
- niacin
Correct answer: folate
Macrocytic anemia is caused by a deficiency in folate (folic acid), which is the vitamin component of tetrahydrofolate, THF.
Question 3: Obesity, genetic profile, and aging all contribute to the development of Type II diabetes. <br>Of the following, which is the most important additive factor for these three conditions in the development of Type II diabetes?
- elevated hepatic ketogenesis
- elevated pancreatic glucagon secretion
- impaired renal clearance of glucose
- muscle resistance to insulin (Correct answer)
Correct answer: muscle resistance to insulin
Muscle resistance to insulin is the most important additive factor for these three conditions in the development of Type II diabetes.<br> Progressive loss of skeletal muscle sensitivity to insulin leads to increased rates of visceral cell lipolysis and pancreatic betA-cell compensation.
Question 4: The designation for the glycosylated form of hemoglobin is called:
- HbA1c (Correct answer)
- HbA2
- HbC
- HbG
Correct answer: HbA1c
HbA1c is the designation for the glycosylated form of hemoglobin. Normal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin represent about 5% of the total.
Question 5: Which of the following peptide hormones is released in response to the stimulation of pituitary gonadotropes?
- ACTH
- follicle-stimulating hormone (Correct answer)
- growth hormone
- prolactin
Correct answer: follicle-stimulating hormone
The pituitary gonadotrophs are cells that secrete the gonadotrophic peptide hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and leutinizing hormone (LH).
Question 6: Heparin is a rapidly acting, potent anticoagulant that has many important clinical uses. <br>Which of the following is an action of heparin?
- activates prothrombin
- acts with antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin activity (Correct answer)
- decreases prothrombin time
- inhibits calcium action
Correct answer: acts with antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin activity
Heparin acts as an anticoagulant because it accelerates the action of antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin activity.
Question 7: Which of the following layers of the heart is primarily composed of cardiac muscle?
- Epicardium
- Myocardium (Correct answer)
- Pericardium
- Endocardium
Correct answer: Myocardium
Mycocardium or middle layer of the heart consists of cardiac muscle. The heart is a highly specialized pumping organ composed of the following layers <br> Endocardium (lining coat; epithelium) Myocardium (middle coat; cardiac muscle), and Epicardium (external coat or visceral layer of pericardium; epithelium).
Question 8: About 75% of the blood supply of the spinal cord is derived from the anterior spinal artery. <br>This artery originates from which of the following?
- Basilar artery
- Internal carotid artery
- Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
- Vertebral artery (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Vertebral artery
The anterior spinal artery is a small branch, which arises near the termination of the vertebral, and, descending in front of the medulla oblongata, unites with its fellow of the opposite side at the level of the foramen magnum.
Question 9: Which cell organelle is involved in concentration packaging and transportation of secretory material inside the cell?
- Golgi complex (Correct answer)
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct answer: Golgi complex
The Golgi complex is prominent in glandular cells and is thought to function in the production, concentration packaging, and transportation of secretory material.
Question 10: Which of the following drugs is NOT a calcium channel blocker?
- Nifedipine
- Verapamil
- Amplodipine
- Metoprolol (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Metoprolol
Metoprolol is not a calcium channel blocker; it is a beta channel antagonist.
Question 11: Which of the following is not considered to be common risk factor for CVA / stroke?
- Diabetes
- Atherosclerosis
- Hypertension
- Orthostatic hypotension (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Orthostatic hypotension
Orthostatic hypertension is not a common risk factor for CVA/stroke. <br>The common risk factors for CVA / stroke include diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart disease.
Free INBDE Questions and Answers
In which of the following transport processes do solid materials enter the cell in membrane-bound vesicles?