CPT Anatomy, Biomechanics, & Gait Analysis 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which joint primarily enables flexion and extension of the knee?
- Hip joint
- Ankle joint
- Tibiofemoral joint (Correct answer)
- Patellofemoral joint
Correct answer: Tibiofemoral joint
The tibiofemoral joint is the primary articulation between the tibia and the femur, forming the main part of the knee joint. This hinge joint is specifically designed to allow for the large range of motion required for flexion (bending) and extension (straightening) of the knee, which are crucial movements for walking and other activities.
Question 2: What is a key purpose of biomechanical alignment in prosthetics?
- Improve cosmetic appearance
- Enable high jumping
- Optimize force distribution and gait efficiency (Correct answer)
- Strengthen surrounding joints
Correct answer: Optimize force distribution and gait efficiency
Biomechanical alignment in prosthetics is essential for ensuring that forces are distributed appropriately across the residual limb and the prosthetic components during movement. Proper alignment minimizes stress on the limb, prevents compensatory movements, and allows the user to achieve a more natural, energy-efficient gait, thereby improving function and comfort.
Question 3: What phase of gait begins when the heel strikes the ground?
- Swing phase
- Push-off phase
- Stance phase (Correct answer)
- Recovery phase
Correct answer: Stance phase
The stance phase of gait begins precisely when the heel of the foot makes initial contact with the ground. This phase is characterized by the foot being on the ground, supporting the body's weight, and it continues until the toes push off, transferring weight to the other limb.
Question 4: Which muscle group is primarily responsible for knee extension?
- Hamstrings
- Quadriceps (Correct answer)
- Gastrocnemius
- Gluteals
Correct answer: Quadriceps
The quadriceps femoris is a large muscle group located on the front of the thigh, consisting of four individual muscles. Its primary function is to extend the knee joint, straightening the leg, which is essential for activities like standing, walking, running, and jumping.
Question 5: What is a common gait deviation in a transfemoral prosthetic user?
- Trendelenburg gait
- Antalgic gait
- Circumduction (Correct answer)
- Vaulting
Correct answer: Circumduction
Circumduction is a common gait deviation in transfemoral prosthetic users where the prosthetic leg swings in a wide arc outwards during the swing phase. This often occurs to clear the prosthetic foot from the ground due to issues like a long prosthesis, insufficient knee flexion, or hip abductor weakness, rather than lifting the knee directly forward.
Question 6: Which factor most influences step symmetry in a prosthetic gait?
- Foot color
- Prosthesis weight alone
- Socket fit and alignment (Correct answer)
- Height of contralateral limb
Correct answer: Socket fit and alignment
The socket fit and alignment are paramount because they dictate how the residual limb interacts with the prosthesis and how forces are transmitted. A well-fitting socket provides comfortable suspension and stability, while proper alignment ensures optimal biomechanics, allowing for symmetrical weight bearing and a balanced, efficient gait.
CPT Anatomy, Biomechanics, & Gait Analysis 1
Which joint primarily enables flexion and extension of the knee?