Question 1: What is the first step in performing CPR on an adult who has collapsed and is unresponsive?

• Check the person's pulse.
• Call for emergency medical help or activate the emergency response system. (Correct answer)
• Begin rescue breathing.
• Begin rescue breathing.

Correct answer: Call for emergency medical help or activate the emergency response system.

The first critical step in performing CPR on an unresponsive adult is to call for emergency medical help or activate the emergency response system. This ensures that professional medical assistance is on its way, as advanced care is essential for the patient's survival. Early activation of emergency services is paramount before initiating chest compressions or rescue breaths.

Question 2: What is the proper hand placement for chest compressions on an adult?

• One hand in the center of the chest, the other hand on top. (Correct answer)
• Both hands placed on the upper chest.
• One hand on the stomach.
• One hand placed on the lower abdomen.

Correct answer: One hand in the center of the chest, the other hand on top.

The proper hand placement for adult chest compressions is with the heel of one hand in the center of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum, and the other hand placed directly on top. This positioning ensures compressions are delivered over the heart, maximizing effectiveness in circulating blood. It also helps distribute pressure evenly, reducing the risk of injury while achieving the necessary depth.

Question 3: How deep should chest compressions be for an adult?

• At least 1 inch deep.
• At least 2 inches deep. (Correct answer)
• At least 3 inches deep.
• No specific depth is required.

Correct answer: At least 2 inches deep.

For adult CPR, chest compressions must be at least 2 inches deep (approximately 5 cm) but no more than 2.4 inches (6 cm). This depth is crucial for effectively pumping blood from the heart to the brain and other vital organs. Compressions that are too shallow will not adequately circulate blood, significantly reducing the chances of survival.

Question 4: What is the recommended compression-to-breath ratio for adult CPR?

• 15:2
• 30:2 (Correct answer)
• 15:1
• 30:1

Correct answer: 30:2

The recommended compression-to-breath ratio for adult CPR, whether performed by one or two rescuers, is 30 compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. This ratio prioritizes continuous chest compressions, which are the most critical component for maintaining blood flow to vital organs. Minimizing interruptions to compressions is key to improving outcomes in cardiac arrest.

Question 5: If an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) becomes available, when should it be used during CPR?

• After giving 30 chest compressions, before providing 2 rescue breaths.
• After providing 2 rescue breaths, before performing chest compressions.
• As soon as it is available, follow the AED prompts. (Correct answer)
• AED should not be used during CPR.

Correct answer: As soon as it is available, follow the AED prompts.

An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) should be used as soon as it becomes available because early defibrillation is critical for victims of sudden cardiac arrest. The AED analyzes the heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock if needed, which can correct life-threatening arrhythmias. Following the AED's clear voice prompts ensures safe and effective use, integrating seamlessly with ongoing CPR efforts.

Question 6: When performing CPR on an adult, how often should you reassess the person?

• Every 30 seconds.
• Every 5 minutes.
• Every 2 minutes. (Correct answer)
• Never reassess; continue CPR until emergency help arrives.

Correct answer: Every 2 minutes.

When performing CPR on an adult, it is recommended to reassess the person approximately every 2 minutes, or after about 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths. This allows rescuers to check for signs of circulation or breathing and to switch roles if multiple rescuers are present. Regular reassessment helps maintain high-quality compressions and prevents rescuer fatigue, which is crucial for effective CPR.

Question 7: What is the correct rate for chest compressions during adult CPR?

• 60 compressions per minute.
• 80 compressions per minute.
• 100-120 compressions per minute.
• 140 compressions per minute.

The correct rate for chest compressions during adult CPR is 100 to 120 compressions per minute. This rate ensures that blood is circulated effectively and consistently throughout the body. Delivering compressions within this specific range is vital for maximizing blood flow to the brain and other essential organs, improving the chances of survival.