CNC Fundamentals of Nutrition Science 1 — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Which nutrient is primarily responsible for building and repairing body tissues?

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins (Correct answer)
Vitamins

Correct answer: Proteins

Proteins are often referred to as the 'building blocks' of the body because they are essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of all body tissues. They are composed of amino acids, which are crucial for synthesizing new cells, repairing damaged ones, and forming enzymes, hormones, and other vital molecules throughout the body.

Question 2: Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the body?

Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D (Correct answer)
Vitamin K

Correct answer: Vitamin D

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis by regulating its absorption in the intestines. Without sufficient Vitamin D, the body cannot effectively absorb calcium from food, even if calcium intake is adequate. This can lead to weakened bones and other health issues, highlighting Vitamin D's importance for bone health and overall mineral balance.

Question 3: What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Build muscle
Provide energy (Correct answer)
Maintain bone strength
Produce hormones

Correct answer: Provide energy

Carbohydrates are the body's primary and preferred source of energy. They are broken down into glucose, which is then used by cells for immediate energy to fuel daily activities, brain function, and exercise. Excess glucose can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use.

Question 4: Which of the following is a complete protein source?

Rice
Beans
Eggs (Correct answer)
Wheat

Correct answer: Eggs

A complete protein source contains all nine essential amino acids that the human body cannot produce on its own and must obtain from the diet. Eggs are considered a complete protein because they provide all these essential amino acids in sufficient quantities. In contrast, plant-based sources like rice, beans, and wheat are typically incomplete proteins, lacking one or more essential amino acids.

Question 5: Which mineral is important for oxygen transport in the blood?

Calcium
Iron (Correct answer)
Magnesium
Zinc

Correct answer: Iron

Iron is a vital component of hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. Without adequate iron, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to iron-deficiency anemia and impaired oxygen delivery to tissues and organs.

Question 6: What is the recommended daily intake of water for an average adult?

0.5 liters
1 liter
2-3 liters (Correct answer)
5 liters

Correct answer: 2-3 liters

The recommended daily intake of water for an average adult is generally around 2-3 liters (or 8-12 glasses), though this can vary based on activity level, climate, and individual health. Adequate hydration is crucial for numerous bodily functions, including regulating body temperature, lubricating joints, transporting nutrients, and flushing out waste products.

Question 7: Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats (Correct answer)
Vitamins

Correct answer: Fats

Fats are the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing approximately 9 calories per gram, which is more than double the energy provided by carbohydrates and proteins (about 4 calories per gram). This high caloric density makes fats an efficient source of stored energy for the body, crucial for sustained activity and bodily functions.

Question 8: What is the main role of dietary fiber?

Build muscle
Provide vitamins
Support vision
Promote digestive health (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Promote digestive health

Dietary fiber is a type of carbohydrate that the body cannot digest, but it plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy digestive system. It adds bulk to stool, which helps prevent constipation and promotes regular bowel movements. Fiber also supports a healthy gut microbiome and can help regulate blood sugar levels.

Question 9: Which vitamin is known for its antioxidant properties?

Vitamin D
Vitamin C (Correct answer)
Vitamin B12
Vitamin K

Correct answer: Vitamin C

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the body's cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can contribute to chronic diseases and aging. By neutralizing these free radicals, Vitamin C supports overall cellular health, boosts the immune system, and aids in collagen production.

CNC Fundamentals of Nutrition Science 1

Which nutrient is primarily responsible for building and repairing body tissues?