CET Anatomy, Physiology & Medical Terminology 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organ is primarily examined during a colonoscopy?
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Esophagus
- Colon (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Colon
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure specifically designed to visualize the entire length of the large intestine, also known as the colon. This examination helps detect abnormalities such as polyps, inflammation, or cancer, making the colon the primary organ of focus.
Question 2: What does the medical term 'esophagogastroduodenoscopy' refer to?
- Liver scan
- Brain MRI
- Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (Correct answer)
- Chest X-ray
Correct answer: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
The term 'esophagogastroduodenoscopy' (EGD) breaks down into its anatomical components: 'esophago-' referring to the esophagus, 'gastro-' to the stomach, and 'duodeno-' to the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). Therefore, an EGD is a procedure that visually examines these upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
Question 3: What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
- Assists in digestion
- Directs air into the lungs
- Covers the trachea to prevent aspiration (Correct answer)
- Produces digestive enzymes
Correct answer: Covers the trachea to prevent aspiration
The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue. During swallowing, it folds down to cover the opening of the trachea (windpipe), effectively preventing food or liquid from entering the respiratory tract and causing aspiration into the lungs.
Question 4: Which body system includes the esophagus, stomach, and intestines?
- Respiratory system
- Urinary system
- Endocrine system
- Digestive system (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Digestive system
The esophagus, stomach, and intestines are all integral components of the digestive system. This system is responsible for the ingestion, digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste from the body.
Question 5: What does the prefix 'gastro-' refer to in medical terminology?
- Liver
- Stomach (Correct answer)
- Kidneys
- Bladder
Correct answer: Stomach
In medical terminology, the prefix 'gastro-' consistently refers to the stomach. This is evident in terms like 'gastritis' (inflammation of the stomach) or 'gastroscopy' (visual examination of the stomach).
Question 6: Which part of the respiratory system is commonly visualized during a bronchoscopy?
- Larynx
- Trachea and bronchi (Correct answer)
- Sinuses
- Diaphragm
Correct answer: Trachea and bronchi
A bronchoscopy is a procedure used to visualize the airways of the lungs. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth or nose and advanced into the trachea (windpipe) and then into the main bronchi and their smaller branches to examine for abnormalities.
Question 7: What term describes the muscular movement that pushes food through the digestive tract?
- Osmosis
- Peristalsis (Correct answer)
- Filtration
- Reabsorption
Correct answer: Peristalsis
Peristalsis is the characteristic wave-like muscular contractions that occur in the walls of the digestive tract. These involuntary contractions propel food and waste materials progressively through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, facilitating digestion and elimination.
Question 8: Which term refers to inflammation of the stomach lining?
- Colitis
- Gastritis (Correct answer)
- Bronchitis
- Arthritis
Correct answer: Gastritis
The medical term 'gastritis' is formed by combining the prefix 'gastro-' (referring to the stomach) with the suffix '-itis' (meaning inflammation). Therefore, gastritis specifically denotes inflammation of the stomach lining.
Question 9: What is the medical term for visual examination of the colon?
- Gastroscopy
- Colonoscopy (Correct answer)
- Endarterectomy
- Bronchoscopy
Correct answer: Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that involves inserting a flexible tube with a camera into the rectum to visually examine the entire length of the colon. The term itself combines 'colon' (large intestine) with '-scopy' (visual examination).
CET Anatomy, Physiology & Medical Terminology 1
Which organ is primarily examined during a colonoscopy?