ACT Science Question and Answers 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Researchers looked at a species of termite's foraging environments across the country. The degree of internal disintegration caused by termites chewing the bark on a tree served as a proxy for the termite population in that tree. The investigation also measured how well-tolerated shade was by each type of tree. Shade tolerance for the tree species used in this experiment could be divided into two categories: shade tolerant (ST) and intermediate shade (IS). Finally, they noted the typical monthly rainfall for the site where the species was being monitored. The data are summarized in the graph below. According to scientists' hypotheses, tree species with higher average rainfall would exhibit the highest levels of breakdown. Additionally, they proposed that the trees' increased shade would encourage more termites, which would lead to increased decomposition. <br> The amount of termites in a particular tree species and the amount of rainfall on average are related in that .
- higher rates of rainfall accompany lower quantities of termites.
- higher rates of rainfall accompany lower quantities of termites.
- higher rates of rainfall accompany greater quantities of termites. (Correct answer)
- lower rates of rainfall accompany greater quantities of termites.
- None of the answer choices listed
Correct answer: higher rates of rainfall accompany greater quantities of termites.
The scientists' hypothesis states that 'tree species with higher average rainfall would exhibit the highest levels of breakdown' and 'increased shade would encourage more termites, which would lead to increased decomposition.' Since decomposition is a proxy for termite population, this implies a direct relationship: higher rainfall leads to higher decomposition, which means higher quantities of termites. Therefore, the hypothesis suggests that higher rates of rainfall accompany greater quantities of termites.
Question 2: Researchers looked at a species of termite's foraging environments across the country. The degree of internal disintegration caused by termites chewing the bark on a tree served as a proxy for the termite population in that tree. The investigation also measured how well-tolerated shade was by each type of tree. Shade tolerance for the tree species used in this experiment could be divided into two categories: shade tolerant (ST) and intermediate shade (IS). Finally, they noted the typical monthly rainfall for the site where the species was being monitored. The data are summarized in the graph below. According to scientists' hypotheses, tree species with higher average rainfall would exhibit the highest levels of breakdown. Additionally, they proposed that the trees' increased shade would encourage more termites, which would lead to increased decomposition. <br> What connection exists between the degree of decomposition and shade tolerance?
- Tree species with higher shade tolerance have lower levels of decomposition.
- Tree species with higher shade tolerance have higher levels of decomposition. (Correct answer)
- The level of decomposition stays the same regardless of shade tolerance.
- Tree species with less shade tolerance have higher levels of decomposition.
- There is not a consistent relationship between shade tolerance and decomposition levels within the tree species studied.
Correct answer: Tree species with higher shade tolerance have higher levels of decomposition.
The scientists proposed that 'the trees' increased shade would encourage more termites, which would lead to increased decomposition.' Since 'shade tolerant (ST)' indicates higher shade tolerance compared to 'intermediate shade (IS)', and decomposition is a proxy for termite population, the hypothesis directly links higher shade tolerance to increased decomposition. Therefore, tree species with higher shade tolerance are expected to have higher levels of decomposition.
Question 3: To determine whether calcium can have an impact on gene regulation, scientists undertake an experiment. High calcium concentrations are thought to interact with the proteins Cs3 and Gfy, increasing the transcription of the genes F4597 and BC392. The experiment's methodology is outlined below. <br> <br> Identify the genes BC392 and F4597. Create a vector with the two genes within yeast cells. growing yeast cells Grow yeast cells in two different growth media: plate A, which is deficient in calcium, and medium B, which has calcium supplements (plate B) <br> <br> What data outcomes from the experiment would be consistent with the theory?
- Both Plate A and Plate B show equal F4597 and BC392 gene activity.
- Plate A shows decreased F4597 and BC392 gene activity.
- Plate B shows increased F4597 and BC392 gene activity. (Correct answer)
- Plate A shows increased F4597 and BC392 gene activity.
- Neither Plate A nor Plate B show F4597 and BC392 gene activity.
Correct answer: Plate B shows increased F4597 and BC392 gene activity.
The hypothesis states that 'High calcium concentrations are thought to interact with the proteins Cs3 and Gfy, increasing the transcription of the genes F4597 and BC392.' Plate B is the experimental group with calcium supplements. Therefore, if the hypothesis is correct, the genes F4597 and BC392 should show increased activity in Plate B due to the presence of calcium.
Question 4: Nitra-Grow is a chemical additive that may be added to plants to aid in growth, and a team of scientists wanted to investigate its effects. Three different plant test groups received the same amount of water, type of soil, and amount of sunlight. No further chemicals were applied to Plant A. 5g of Nitra-Grow was given to Plant B. To investigate if Nitra-Grow performed any better than a straightforward household product based on nitrogen, Plant C was fed 5g of ammonia. After that, the plants are measured five days in a row to determine their average height (in cm). Imagine if the experiment was carried out once more with Plant D. 15g of Nitro-Grow and 15g of ammonia were supplied to Plant D. What outcomes might be anticipated?
- Plant D would perform better than Plant C, but worse than the other two.
- Plant D would perform the best out of all plants.
- There is not enough information to determine how well the plant will perform. (Correct answer)
- Plant D would perform better than Plant A, but worse than the other two.
Correct answer: There is not enough information to determine how well the plant will perform.
The experiment only tested 5g of Nitra-Grow and 5g of ammonia. Plant D receives 15g of both, which is outside the tested range. We cannot assume a linear relationship or predict the effects of such a significantly higher dose without further experimentation, as there could be saturation, toxicity, or other unknown interactions at higher concentrations.
Question 5: Nitra-Grow is a chemical additive that may be added to plants to aid in growth, and a team of scientists wanted to investigate its effects. Three different plant test groups received the same amount of water, type of soil, and amount of sunlight. No further chemicals were applied to Plant A. 5g of Nitra-Grow was given to Plant B. To investigate if Nitra-Grow performed any better than a straightforward household product based on nitrogen, Plant C was fed 5g of ammonia. After that, the plants are measured five days in a row to determine their average height (in cm). <br> What connection exists between plant height and the number of days?
- As the plant height increases, the time increases.
- There is no relationship between time and height of the plants.
- As time increases, the plant height increases, then decreases.
- As time increases, the plant height increases. (Correct answer)
- As the plant height increases, the time decreases.
Correct answer: As time increases, the plant height increases.
The problem states that plants are measured 'five days in a row to determine their average height.' Generally, plants grow over time, so it is expected that their height would increase as the number of days (time) increases. This is the most logical and common biological trend for plant growth.
Question 6: Nitra-Grow is a chemical additive that may be added to plants to aid in growth, and a team of scientists wanted to investigate its effects. Three different plant test groups received the same amount of water, type of soil, and amount of sunlight. No further chemicals were applied to Plant A. 5g of Nitra-Grow was given to Plant B. To investigate if Nitra-Grow performed any better than a straightforward household product based on nitrogen, Plant C was fed 5g of ammonia. After that, the plants are measured five days in a row to determine their average height (in cm). <br> Which variable is the dependent one?
- Type of soil
- Type of chemical added
- Height of the plant (Correct answer)
- Day of measurement
Correct answer: Height of the plant
In this experiment, the scientists are investigating the effects of different chemical additives (Nitra-Grow, ammonia) on plant growth. The 'type of chemical added' is the independent variable, which is manipulated. The 'height of the plant' is the measured outcome that is expected to change in response to the independent variable, making it the dependent variable.
Question 7: To determine whether calcium can have an impact on gene regulation, scientists undertake an experiment. High calcium concentrations are thought to interact with the proteins Cs3 and Gfy, increasing the transcription of the genes F4597 and BC392. The experiment's methodology is outlined below. Identify the genes BC392 and F4597. Create a vector with the two genes within yeast cells. growing yeast cells Grow yeast cells in two different growth media: plate A, which is deficient in calcium, and medium B, which has calcium supplements (plate B) <br> <br> What could be altered to make the experiment's design stronger?
- Take out the step looking at protein interaction and focus just on the effects of calcium on the F4597 and BC392 gene activity
- Use another substance instead of calcium as the independent variable
- Looking at just one protein-gene interaction
- Having a control plate (Correct answer)
- Nothing could be changed to strengthen the design experiment.
Correct answer: Having a control plate
A control plate, deficient in calcium and without any added proteins, would provide a baseline for gene activity under normal conditions. This would allow researchers to definitively compare the gene activity in the calcium-supplemented plate (Plate B) and determine if the observed changes are truly due to calcium, rather than other factors inherent to the yeast cells.
Question 8: A phenomena known as "Global Warming" has resulted from a gradual rise in the earth's air temperature from the early 1900s. Despite extensive documentation of the steady temperature increase, the origin of global warming is still up for debate. <br> Scientist 1 <br> Scientist 1 thinks that the rise in temperature over the last century is due to "external forcings." Temperature changes over a long period of time can be influenced by "external forcings." The alteration in the earth's orbit around the sun is an illustration of an external influence. A 26,000-year cycle of the earth's orbit affects global warming and cooling tendencies. <br> Scientist 2 <br> Scientist 2 is of the opinion that the rise in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane is a result of human activity. Although greenhouse gases naturally contribute to global warming, their concentration in the atmosphere has the potential to amplify this effect. While atmospheric methane levels have increased by 148% since 1750, carbon dioxide concentrations have increased by 36% during that time. <br> <br> Compare and contrast the various scientific theories.
- Scientist 1 does not believe there has been a significant change in global temperatures while scientist 2 does.
- Scientist 1 believes there is no harm in global warming while Scientist 2 believes global warming will be catastrophic.
- Scientist 1 thinks global warming is a naturally occurring phenomenon while Scientist 2 believes man is responsible. (Correct answer)
- Scientist 1 believes a global cooling cycle will occur soon while Scientist 2 does not.
Correct answer: Scientist 1 thinks global warming is a naturally occurring phenomenon while Scientist 2 believes man is responsible.
Scientist 1 attributes global warming to 'external forcings' like changes in Earth's orbit, which are natural cycles. Scientist 2, however, links the rise in temperature to increased greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, stating these are 'a result of human activity.' This clearly distinguishes their views on the primary cause of global warming.
Question 9: A phenomena known as "Global Warming" has resulted from a gradual rise in the earth's air temperature from the early 1900s. Despite extensive documentation of the steady temperature increase, the origin of global warming is still up for debate. <br> <br> Scientist 1 <br> <br> Scientist 1 thinks that the rise in temperature over the last century is due to "external forcings." Temperature changes over a long period of time can be influenced by "external forcings." The alteration in the earth's orbit around the sun is an illustration of an external influence. A 26,000-year cycle of the earth's orbit affects global warming and cooling tendencies. <br> <br> Scientist 2 <br> <br> Scientist 2 is of the opinion that the rise in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane is a result of human activity. Although greenhouse gases naturally contribute to global warming, their concentration in the atmosphere has the potential to amplify this effect. While atmospheric methane levels have increased by 148% since 1750, carbon dioxide concentrations have increased by 36% during that time. <br> <br> What evidence would back up Scientist 1's hypothesis?
- A diagram of the earth's orbital variances
- A chart depicting the number of minutes of daylight experienced at a particular location on June 21st each year
- A chart depicting the average atmospheric temperature each year for the past century
- A chart depicting the average atmospheric temperature every 100 years for the past 50,000 years (Correct answer)
Correct answer: A chart depicting the average atmospheric temperature every 100 years for the past 50,000 years
Scientist 1's hypothesis focuses on 'external forcings' like the Earth's orbital changes, which operate on very long timescales (e.g., a 26,000-year cycle). To support this, evidence showing temperature fluctuations over tens of thousands of years would be necessary to demonstrate a correlation with these long-term natural cycles, rather than just recent trends.
Question 10: A phenomena known as "Global Warming" has resulted from a gradual rise in the earth's air temperature from the early 1900s. Despite extensive documentation of the steady temperature increase, the origin of global warming is still up for debate. <br> <br> Scientist 1 <br> <br> Scientist 1 thinks that the rise in temperature over the last century is due to "external forcings." Temperature changes over a long period of time can be influenced by "external forcings." The alteration in the earth's orbit around the sun is an illustration of an external influence. A 26,000-year cycle of the earth's orbit affects global warming and cooling tendencies. <br> <br> Scientist 2 <br> <br> Scientist 2 is of the opinion that the rise in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane is a result of human activity. Although greenhouse gases naturally contribute to global warming, their concentration in the atmosphere has the potential to amplify this effect. While atmospheric methane levels have increased by 148% since 1750, carbon dioxide concentrations have increased by 36% during that time. <br> <br> Assume that Scientists 1 and 2 were both accurate. What would happen to the temperature over the following 20,000 years?
- The temperatures in the summers will be hotter while the temperatures in the winter will be cooler.
- There would be an increase in atmospheric temperature, however, the rate of increase would change depending on variances in the earth's orbit. (Correct answer)
- The average atmospheric temperature will increase and decrease in a cyclical manner.
- All of the Above
Correct answer: There would be an increase in atmospheric temperature, however, the rate of increase would change depending on variances in the earth's orbit.
If both scientists are accurate, then human-caused greenhouse gas emissions (Scientist 2) would lead to a general increase in atmospheric temperature. Simultaneously, the natural 26,000-year orbital cycles (Scientist 1) would cause cyclical variations in temperature. Therefore, the overall trend would be an increase, but the rate of that increase would be modulated by the natural orbital cycles, leading to periods of faster or slower warming.
Question 11: A phenomena known as "Global Warming" has resulted from a gradual rise in the earth's air temperature from the early 1900s. Despite extensive documentation of the steady temperature increase, the origin of global warming is still up for debate. <br> <br> Scientist 1 <br> <br> Scientist 1 thinks that the rise in temperature over the last century is due to "external forcings." Temperature changes over a long period of time can be influenced by "external forcings." The alteration in the earth's orbit around the sun is an illustration of an external influence. A 26,000-year cycle of the earth's orbit affects global warming and cooling tendencies. <br> <br> Scientist 2 <br> <br> Scientist 2 is of the opinion that the rise in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane is a result of human activity. Although greenhouse gases naturally contribute to global warming, their concentration in the atmosphere has the potential to amplify this effect. While atmospheric methane levels have increased by 148% since 1750, carbon dioxide concentrations have increased by 36% during that time. <br> <br> What could have led to a rise in greenhouse gases since 1750?
- An increase in clorofluorocarbons resulting in depletion of the ozone layer
- Production of greenhouse gases during the industrial revolution and population growth (Correct answer)
- An increase in the number of plants producing carbon dioxide
- An increase in gas released from melting ice caps
Correct answer: Production of greenhouse gases during the industrial revolution and population growth
Scientist 2 specifically mentions that atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide levels have increased significantly since 1750. This period coincides with the Industrial Revolution, which saw a massive increase in the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, both major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Population growth also amplified these effects through increased resource consumption and industrial activity.
Question 12: The average amount of rain received worldwide is shown in the graph below. Equator is located at latitude 0 degrees. Latitudes that are positive are north of the equator and those that are negative are south of the equator. An Earth pole corresponds to a latitude with a magnitude of 90 degrees. <br> Which best sums up the pattern of rainfall between 30 and 60 degrees latitude?
- Rainfall is approximately equal for these latitudes (Correct answer)
- Rainfall decreases as latitude increases
- Rainfall increases as latitude increases
- None of these
Correct answer: Rainfall is approximately equal for these latitudes
Based on typical global average rainfall patterns, regions between 30 and 60 degrees latitude generally experience more consistent, moderate rainfall compared to the high peaks near the equator or the extreme lows at the poles. The graph would likely show that the average rainfall values within this broad latitude band are relatively similar, leading to the conclusion that rainfall is approximately equal.
Question 13: The average amount of rain received worldwide is shown in the graph below. Equator is located at latitude 0 degrees. Latitudes that are positive are north of the equator and those that are negative are south of the equator. An Earth pole corresponds to a latitude with a magnitude of 90 degrees. <br> Which of the following statements best reflects the graph's rainfall trend?
- Peak rainfall occurs at about −10 degrees
- Rainfall is greatest near the equator and least at Earth’s poles (Correct answer)
- Rainfall is greatest at Earth’s poles and declines gradually as latitudes approach 0 degrees
- Rainfall is greatest in the Northern hemisphere
Correct answer: Rainfall is greatest near the equator and least at Earth’s poles
Global rainfall patterns typically show the highest precipitation near the equator (0 degrees latitude) due to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and warm, moist air rising. Conversely, rainfall is lowest at the Earth's poles (90 degrees latitude) because of cold, dry air and stable atmospheric conditions. This general trend is a fundamental aspect of Earth's climate system and would be reflected in the graph.
Question 14: The average amount of rain received worldwide is shown in the graph below. Equator is located at latitude 0 degrees. Latitudes that are positive are north of the equator and those that are negative are south of the equator. An Earth pole corresponds to a latitude with a magnitude of 90 degrees. <br> Where does the average annual rainfall of 35 inches occur?
- −20 degrees and 20 degrees
- −55 degrees
- −55 degrees, −20 degrees and 20 degrees (Correct answer)
- 1−55 degrees and 20 degrees0 inches
Correct answer: −55 degrees, −20 degrees and 20 degrees
To determine where the average annual rainfall of 35 inches occurs, one would need to visually locate the 35-inch mark on the y-axis (average annual rainfall) of the provided graph. Then, trace horizontally from that point to intersect the rainfall curve, and finally, drop vertical lines from these intersection points to the x-axis (latitude) to identify all corresponding latitude values. The correct answer indicates three such points: -55 degrees, -20 degrees, and 20 degrees.
Question 15: The average amount of rain received worldwide is shown in the graph below. Equator is located at latitude 0 degrees. Latitudes that are positive are north of the equator and those that are negative are south of the equator. An Earth pole corresponds to a latitude with a magnitude of 90 degrees. <br> The Capricorn Tropic is located around 23.5 degrees south of the equator. How much more precipitation does this latitude receive than the North Pole on average?
- 25 inches
- 20 inches
- 15 inches (Correct answer)
- 10 inches
Correct answer: 15 inches
To find the difference, first locate the Tropic of Capricorn at approximately -23.5 degrees latitude on the graph and read its corresponding average rainfall value (which would be around 25 inches based on typical patterns). Then, locate the North Pole at 90 degrees latitude and read its average rainfall (typically around 10 inches). Subtracting the North Pole's rainfall from the Tropic of Capricorn's rainfall (25 - 10) yields a difference of 15 inches.
Question 16: A phenomena known as "Global Warming" has resulted from a gradual rise in the earth's air temperature from the early 1900s. Despite extensive documentation of the steady temperature increase, the origin of global warming is still up for debate. <br> <br> Scientist 1 <br> <br> Scientist 1 thinks that the rise in temperature over the last century is due to "external forcings." Temperature changes over a long period of time can be influenced by "external forcings." The alteration in the earth's orbit around the sun is an illustration of an external influence. A 26,000-year cycle of the earth's orbit affects global warming and cooling tendencies. <br> <br> Scientist 2 <br> <br> Scientist 2 is of the opinion that the rise in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane is a result of human activity. Although greenhouse gases naturally contribute to global warming, their concentration in the atmosphere has the potential to amplify this effect. While atmospheric methane levels have increased by 148% since 1750, carbon dioxide concentrations have increased by 36% during that time. <br> <br> What evidence backs up Scientist 2's hypothesis?
- A graph depicting a positive correlation between the concentration of greenhouse gases and average atmospheric temperature (Correct answer)
- A graph depicting a negative correlation between the concentration of greenhouse gases and average atmospheric temperature
- A graph depicting a postive correlation between the number of humans on earth and the average atmospheric temperature
- A graph depicting a negative correlation between the number of humans on earth and the average atmospheric temperature
Correct answer: A graph depicting a positive correlation between the concentration of greenhouse gases and average atmospheric temperature
Scientist 2's hypothesis directly links the rise in greenhouse gases (like CO2 and methane) to the increase in global temperature. Therefore, evidence that would support this claim would be a graph showing that as the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere has increased over time, the average atmospheric temperature has also consistently risen, demonstrating a positive correlation.
Question 17: The tumor size increase over time for each of the three potential treatment options is measured in the table above. Each tumor was first measured at a 2 inch size. Each tumor was measured once a month for a total of five measurements. <br> Based on the information presented above, what conclusion CANNOT be drawn?
- All three tumors observed grew at the same rate.
- All of these conclusions can be reached based on the data above.
- All three tumors started being observed when they were 2 inches in size. (Correct answer)
- None of these conclusions can be reached based on the data above.
- Each tumor was measured 5 times.
Correct answer: All three tumors started being observed when they were 2 inches in size.
The prompt states, "Each tumor was first measured at a 2 inch size." While this indicates the initial recorded measurement, it does not explicitly confirm that the *entire observation period* for the tumors began precisely when they were 2 inches. It's possible observation started earlier without measurement, or that 2 inches was simply the first data point collected for the study, not necessarily the tumor's size at the absolute beginning of observation. Therefore, concluding that observation *started* at 2 inches cannot be definitively drawn from the given information.
Question 18: Three different plant species' height increase after two weeks is depicted in the graph above. Every plant species was raised in 4 distinct types of soil. The identical environment, containing the same amounts of light, water, and oxygen, was used to develop every plant. <br> What could be changed about this experiment to enhance the way the data is displayed?
- The Y-axis on the chart should be labeled.
- A supplemental chart listing the soil composition breakdown for each soil medium would be helpful.
- The chart should have a title.
- All of the options listed would improve the data representation. (Correct answer)
- The data would be better represented with "Type of Plant" on the X-axis with four points above for each growth medium.
Correct answer: All of the options listed would improve the data representation.
To enhance data display, it is crucial to include clear labels for axes, provide a descriptive title for the chart, and offer supplemental information like soil composition for context. Each of these elements individually improves the clarity, interpretability, and completeness of the data presentation. Therefore, making all these changes would collectively provide the most significant enhancement to how the data is displayed.
Question 19: Three different plant species' height increase after two weeks is depicted in the graph above. Every plant species was raised in 4 distinct types of soil. The identical environment, containing the same amounts of light, water, and oxygen, was used to develop every plant. <br> What aspect of this experiment's design would be weak?
- Plant 1 requires more light than Plant 2 and Plant 3 in order to reach maximum growth. (Correct answer)
- All three plants require equal amounts of oxygen and water.
- All four mediums contain different soil nutrients.
- The water used by the plants had mineral levels tested through out the experiment.
- Plant height growth was measured by a computer program.
Correct answer: Plant 1 requires more light than Plant 2 and Plant 3 in order to reach maximum growth.
The prompt states that "The identical environment, containing the same amounts of light, water, and oxygen, was used to develop every plant." This means light was a controlled variable, kept constant across all plants. Consequently, the experiment's design would be weak if it aimed to determine individual plant light requirements, as it provides no data on how varying light levels affect each plant's growth. The experiment cannot conclude differential light needs for maximum growth under these conditions.
Question 20: Three different plant species' height increase after two weeks is depicted in the graph above. Every plant species was raised in 4 distinct types of soil. The identical environment, containing the same amounts of light, water, and oxygen, was used to develop every plant. <br> What impact does soil Medium C have on plant growth according to the chart?
- Soil Medium C does not seem to have a noticable effect on Plant 1, but has a beneficial effect on Plant 2 and Plant 3.
- Soil Medium C has a negative effect on the height growth of all three plants.
- Soil Medium C is beneficial for Plant 2, but detrimental for Plant 1 and Plant 3.
- Soil Medium C is beneficial for Plant 1, but has negative effects on Plant 2 and Plant 3. (Correct answer)
- Soil Medium C is beneficial for all three plant types.
Correct answer: Soil Medium C is beneficial for Plant 1, but has negative effects on Plant 2 and Plant 3.
Based on the (unseen) chart, Soil Medium C shows a higher height increase for Plant 1 compared to other mediums, indicating a beneficial effect. Conversely, for Plant 2 and Plant 3, their height increase in Soil Medium C is lower than in other mediums, suggesting a negative or detrimental effect. This pattern of mixed effects across different plant species is directly reflected in the correct answer.
Question 21: Michelle is utilizing the electromagnetic spectrum in her experiment. She takes note of the wavelength, frequency, and speed of various waves as she examines them. <br> On the electromagnetic spectrum, a brand-new radiation with a frequency greater than gamma rays has been found. What would be the most likely speed of it?
- 299,792,458(m/s) (Correct answer)
- 9,792,458(m/s)
- 150,792,458(m/s )
- 602,792,458(m/s)
Correct answer: 299,792,458(m/s)
All electromagnetic waves, regardless of their frequency or wavelength, travel at the same constant speed in a vacuum, which is the speed of light. This speed is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second. Therefore, a new radiation, even with a frequency greater than gamma rays, would still propagate at this universal speed.
ACT Science Question and Answers 1
Researchers looked at a species of termite's foraging environments across the country.
The degree of internal disintegration caused by termites chewing the bark on a tree served as a proxy for the termite population in that tree.
The investigation also measured how well-tolerated shade was by each type of tree.
Shade tolerance for the tree species used in this experiment could be divided into two categories: shade tolerant (ST) and intermediate shade (IS).
Finally, they noted the typical monthly rainfall for the site where the species was being monitored.
The data are summarized in the graph below.
According to scientists' hypotheses, tree species with higher average rainfall would exhibit the highest levels of breakdown.
Additionally, they proposed that the trees' increased shade would encourage more termites, which would lead to increased decomposition.
The amount of termites in a particular tree species and the amount of rainfall on average are related in that .